rolex master yacht 2 price

Rolex Yacht-Master II Introduction

The Yacht-Master II was released in 2007 with its signature regatta timer complication. It is the younger, bolder sibling of Rolex’s Yacht-Master that debuted in 1992. While the original Yacht-Master displays similarities to the ever-popular Rolex Submariner , the Yacht-Master II is in a class of its own, both visually and mechanically.

Rolex Yacht-Master II History

The Yacht-Master II was purpose-built for competitive sailors. The tool watch’s boldly designed case houses a programmable countdown timer that is controlled by rotating the bezel. Large and attention-grabbing, the Yacht-Master II presents a design aesthetic that pushes the boundaries of what a Rolex can be.

First introduced in 2007, the Yacht-Master II was offered in yellow and white gold variations under references 116688 and 116689, respectively. An Everose gold/steel two-tone Rolesor version (ref. 116681) was added in 2011, followed by the stainless steel reference 116680 two years later. With a case size of 44mm that rises 13.9mm on the wrist, the Yacht-Master II commands attention on the wrist both from owners and observers. The bold bezel houses a platinum- or gold-filled blue Cerachrom ceramic insert with a 10-minute scale above the words “Yacht-Master II.” This was no ordinary bezel, however.

Deemed the “Ring Command” bezel by Rolex, it is directly connected to the watch’s mechanism to program the Yacht-Master II’s 10-minute countdown timer. During the 10-minute interval leading up to the start of a regatta, sailors jockey to position their crafts as close to the starting line as possible. Precision is key since crossing the line early results in a penalty and being too far out puts the boat at an immediate disadvantage. The exclusive Yacht-Master II complication allows a sailor to program the countdown, store it in the mechanism and synchronize to the official race countdown on-the-fly

The Yacht-Master II’s characteristics have been relatively stable since the watch debuted. Its case is free of sharp edges and perfectly cradles the Triplock crown and subtly detailed pushers. The matte white dial offers outstanding legibility for contrasting elements. Hours are marked by luminous rectangular shapes with a triangle marker at 12 o’clock on models produced after 2017. With that refresh, Rolex also updated the straight hour hand with the familiar Mercedes style that appears on other Rolex Professional watches. A small second register at 6 o’clock and the countdown timer indices that arc gracefully from approximately 8 o’clock to 4 o’clock complete the look.

Rolex Yacht-Master II Features

The Yacht-Master II’s power is produced by Rolex’s in-house designed and manufactured calibre 4161 COSC-certified automatic movement. Comprised of roughly 360 individual components, the Cal. 4161 features a 70-hour power reserve, flyback and fly-forward chronograph functionality, anti-magnetism and shock-resistance and, of course, Rolex’s patented 10-minute countdown timer.

The watch is unapologetically large with a 44mm case that measures a massive 57.4mm end-link to end-link. Details include a screw-down case back and protected Triplock crown flanked by delicately etched pushers. The Oyster case is water resistant to 100 meters. The Yacht-Master II’s Oyster bracelet is a classic Rolex three-piece design with polished center links, satin sides and Oysterlock safety clasp. An Easylink extension allows a rapid 5mm adjustment to the bracelet length without the need for tools.

Yellow Gold

White gold + platinum, two-tone rolesor (everose gold + steel).

The Yacht-Master II’s color palate and design evoke nautical themes that are inspired by the presence of red and blue accents. In the dark, luminescent Chromalight hands and markers glow with a vibrant blue that lasts up to eight hours. The timer markings, however, do not have lume.

The Yacht-Master II is available in four materials: yellow gold, white gold + platinum, two-tone Rolesor (Everose gold + steel) and steel. All are topped by a scratch-resistant sapphire crystal that is surrounded by the Yacht-Master II’s Ring Command bezel in solid platinum or with a blue ceramic insert.

Rolex Yacht-Master II Value and Collectability

The Yacht-Master II is a bit of an outlier in the Rolex family. It is visually imposing and technologically advanced, but Rolex purists opine that it does not deliver the classic Rolex experience of more traditional sports models like the Submariner, Sea-Dweller or Explorer. For collectors and enthusiasts seeking a rare timepiece that stands out from all other Rolex designs, the Yacht-Master II is an excellent choice. Retail prices for new Yacht-Master II models range from approximately $19,000 for steel to nearly $50,000 for the luxe white gold/platinum edition.

Pre-owned Rolex Yacht-Master IIs in gold or platinum with original papers and boxes typically sell well below retail, though prices on used steel versions trend just slightly below new. Many Rolex aficionados consider the Yacht-Master II to be undervalued in the used Rolex marketplace and firmly expect that it will emerge as a highly prized collectors watch.

Watchmaker’s Perspective

The regatta countdown timer function on the Rolex Yacht-Master II is a fascinating feature that gets a lot of attention. And the Caliber 4161 movement used to power the Yacht-Master II is extremely complex, with over 360 parts. But how are those parts made? From the watchmaker's perspective, the manufacturing technology used to create such a complicated movement is especially intriguing.

For the Caliber 4161, Rolex made extensive use of LIGA technology. LIGA is a German acronym meaning Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung (Lithography, Electroplating and Molding). The LIGA process allows parts to be manufactured that would have been nearly impossible with traditional methods, due to their shapes.

The LIGA process is closely related to semiconductor manufacturing and uses similar tools. A patterned mask is used to project UV light onto photosensitive resin at a very high resolution. This creates a micro-mold, which is then used to grow parts inside of. When the metal parts are completely grown, an acid strips away the photosensitive resin, leaving the finished part. This technology is opening up new avenues to watchmakers—one example is the fantastically complex Caliber 4161 in the Rolex Yacht-Master II.

Content provided for informational purposes only. eBay is not affiliated with or endorsed by Rolex.

Shop New Arrivals

Rolex Yacht Master II

• Yacht-Master II
• Yacht-Master
• Rolex 116688
• Rolex 116689
• $7,000 to $10,000
• $10,000 to $15,000
• $15,000 to $20,000
• Stainless Steel
• Yellow Gold
• 2010 to Present

• $ 24,495 Buy
• Get Quote Sell

• $ 17,995 Buy

Cash wire prices shown. Prices may be higher if other payment methods are selected.*

About Rolex Yacht-Master II

The Rolex Yacht-Master II was released in 2007 and has since become a pillar of the Big Crown’s maritime-inspired collection of timepieces. The Yacht-Master II was developed for yacht racing and includes a programmable countdown mechanism that can be adjusted from 1 to 10 minutes. The Yacht-Master II's regatta chronograph is also another noteworthy feature, allowing seafarers to time their maneuvers with the utmost accuracy.

Rolex Yacht-Master II Key Features

Rolex prefers to only produce the purpose-driven Yacht-Master II with a simple and clean white dial. Additionally, all Rolex Yacht-Master II dials have legible hour markers and hands, making the watch an ideal tool for all maritime activities.

The Rolex Yacht-Master II is powered by a highly complex mechanical movement famous for its unparalleled precision and dependability. The watch currently features Rolex's in-house caliber 4161, which is an automatic mechanical movement with an extraordinary power reserve of 72 hours. Additionally, the Rolex Yacht-Master II movement boasts a programmable countdown timer and a regatta chronograph function, making it a favorite among regatta and sailing enthusiasts.

The Rolex Yacht-Master II sizes is one of the largest models in the portfolio, at 44mm in diameter. While quite large by Rolex’s standards, the 44mm case is necessary to house the complex movement and sophisticated Ring Command bezel. Collectors who prefer a watch with a more robust size and weight will appreciate the distinctive Yacht Master II in 44mm.

The Rolex Yacht-Master II is crafted with superior materials that are both durable and timeless. The collection is sold in a handful of material options, including stainless steel, gold, and a combination of steel and precious metals like Everose Rolesor or white gold and platinum. Additionally, the watch has a scratch-resistant sapphire crystal and a highly resilient Cerachrom bezel made from ceramic.

Rolex Yacht-Master II Price

The Rolex Yacht-Master II is a prized collector’s item, and its value has steadily grown over the years due to demand and inventory. The watch's complex design, trailblazing technology, and premium materials add to its price and make it a sensible investment. While prices differ depending on influences such as model, condition, and availability, the Yacht-Master II is overall considered a luxury item with an appropriate price tag to reflect its status. Below is a pricing table for the Yacht-Master II models:

disc. = discontinued

Popular Rolex Yacht Master II Comparisons

Rolex yacht-master ii 116680 vs 116681.

The Rolex Yacht-Master II 116680 and 116681 are both remarkable timepieces in their own right, highly regarded for their distinctive features and design. The primary difference between the two Rolex watches is their metal finish; the 116680 has a stainless steel finish, while the 116681 features a combination of steel and Everose gold, called Everose Rolesor. Ultimately, choosing between the two Yacht-Master IIs comes down to personal preference and style.

Rolex Yacht-Master II 116688 vs 116689

The Rolex Yacht-Master II 116688 and 116689 are two outstanding precious metal luxury watches coveted by collectors and Rolex devotees alike. The major difference between the two models is their metal finish, with the 116688 being crafted completely from 18k yellow gold, while the 116689 pairs white gold with a platinum bezel. Both Yacht-Master IIs are equipped with advanced watchmaking technologies like a programmable countdown timer and a regatta chronograph function, making them perfect for boating and other maritime activities. Ultimately, the choice between either model comes down to personal preference, cost, and style.

Rolex Yacht-Master II Stainless Steel vs Two-Tone

Classic stainless steel Yacht-Master II exudes a timeless and sporty elegance. Its robust 904L stainless steel construction offers exceptional durability and resistance to corrosion, making it an ideal choice for those who lead an active lifestyle or frequently engage in water activities. On the other hand, the two-tone Yacht-Master II models harmoniously blend stainless steel with the warm luster of 18k gold, elevating the watch to a new level of luxury and sophistication.

Rolex Yacht Master II References

The Rolex Yacht-Master II is a cult favorite with a versatile selection of reference models to accommodate different preferences and styles. The most sought-after reference models are the 116680 and 116681, which sport stainless steel and steel and Everose gold metal finishes, respectively. The 116688 and 116689 are made completely from precious metals and are ideal for those in the market for a more extravagant wristwatch.

Learn more about the collection by visiting our Rolex Yacht-Master II buying guide .

Available in an array of colors, designs, sizes, and precious metals, the Rolex Yacht-Master II collection offers a plethora of options to cater to individual tastes and preferences.

• Rolex 116680
• Rolex 116681
• Rolex Men's Yacht Master II
• Rolex Yacht Master 2 White
• Yachtmaster 2 Gold
• Yacht Master 2 Stainless Steel
• Yacht Master 2 White Gold
• Yacht Master 2 Yellow Gold
• Two Tone Yacht Master II

Popular Nicknames

The Rolex Yacht-Master II has earned a few well-known nicknames since coming to market among Rolex enthusiasts and avid luxury watch collectors. Some of the most popular monikers are the "Regatta Timer" or simply "Regatta" because of its programmable countdown timer function, which was developed for nautical competitions. It is also often called the "Big Yacht" due to its robust size and polarizing design. Finally, some collectors refer to it simply as the "Yacht 2."

Why Choose Us

Bob's Watches is a trusted and dependable seller of luxury certified pre-owned Rolex watches. With over 20 years of combined expertise, we have earned a stellar reputation for our knowledge, customer service, and devotion to authenticity. Each watch is subjected to a rigorous authentication and servicing process, and Bob's Watches includes a 1-year warranty on every watch sold, giving customers peace of mind and confidence in their investment.

Sell Your Rolex Yacht-Master II

Unlock the value of your treasured timepiece by selling your Rolex with Bob's Watches. Our expert team handles each watch with utmost care and professionalism. With our seamless and trusted process, we ensure your experience is top-notch. Parting with your luxury watch becomes as effortless and rewarding as the moments it has tracked for you. Get started today by visiting our Sell Rolex watch page.

Testimonials

Nathaniel g..

"I had wanted a Yacht-Master for as long as I could remember, but could never justify the high price of buying new. Once I realized that buying pre-owned might be a smarter option, I searched around the internet, but only Bob's Watches made me feel comfortable with making such a large purchase online. I understood their business model, and past customers' reviews were very positive. The prices were competitive as well, and rivaled those of less-trustworthy dealers. Once I made my choice, there was a slight hiccup in the process to wire funds, but when I called in, the problem was quickly resolved.

I received my watch a few days later, and it looked stunning. When the site says "mint condition," it means it! Bob's was also able to tell me when the watch was last serviced, which (in combination with the one-year warranty) gives me peace-of-mind. As I look to expand my collection of watches, I'm sure I'll be a repeat customer of Bob's Watches."

Review originally published on Trustpilot

"I have been shopping for the Rolex Yachtmaster for the better part of a year. I visited multiple jewelers & brokers in my area. Either they were of poor condition or over priced. Then I found Bobs Watches. The staff was expeditious and courteous. They sent me new photos of the watch upon request with no hesitation. The service, price, and condition of the watch was without compare. I am now a lifelong customer of Bobs Watches, I cannot imagine buying from any other source."

Review originally published on Google

Expert Opinion

"The Rolex Yacht-Master II is a true masterpiece of engineering and design . The programmable countdown function is amazingly useful for avid sailors and sailing enthusiasts, and the regatta chronograph is both precise and dependable. The watch exudes a sense of opulence and prestige, and it's easy to understand why it's one of the most coveted pre-owned Rolex watches on the market today."

- Paul Altieri, Founder & CEO of Bob’s Watches

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the yacht-master 2 hold its value.

The Rolex Yacht-Master II is infamous for holding its value long term. Due to its outstanding craftsmanship, groundbreaking features, and refined design, it is a popular watch among avid Rolex collectors and aficionados. As a result, the Yacht-Master II usually to hold its value well and might even appreciate over time, making it a solid investment for those in the market for a high-end timepiece.

Is the Rolex Yacht-Master 2 being discontinued?

There are currently no signs that the Rolex Yacht-Master II will be discontinued any time soon. Rolex is known for fostering the continuity of its staple collections, and the Yacht-Master II has been a massively successful model since its release in the mid-2000s. In fact, Rolex continues to make changes to the Yacht-Master II collection, which suggests that it is still an important part of the brand's portfolio.

Why is Rolex Yacht-Master so expensive?

The Rolex Yacht-Master is an expensive watch because of its extraordinary quality, innovative design, and use of high-end materials. Rolex is known for its rigorous quality control and tireless pursuit of perfection and precise craftsmanship, which produces a watch that is enduring, accurate, and reliable. Additionally, the Yacht-Master offers the wearer a range of groundbreaking features and functionalities, including a programmable countdown timer and regatta chronograph function, which also contributes to its premium and demand among collectors and enthusiasts.

How much does a Rolex Watch Master II cost?

The cost of a Rolex Yacht-Master II can vary depending on factors such as the specific reference model, material, and condition. On average, pre-owned Yacht-Master II prices range from around $15,000 for stainless steel models to over $40,000 for solid gold versions.

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We’ll break down every step of the design process, from choosing colors and images to using whitespace properly. After reading through this you should be all set to design your own beautiful presentation slides that will put your coworkers to shame.

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A Word About Content

I usually make a big deal about content preceding design, and presentations are no exception. Ideally, you’ll have the topic and much or all of the content outlined before you even think about design. This will in every way shape the appearance of your design, which is why working from pre-built templates isn’t always the best move (though generic templates can and do work great in some circumstances).

The reason that I bring this up is that I don’t really have an actual presentation in mind for this project. I’ll be running with a basic theme, but the textual information will be entirely placeholder copy. Your image, font, color and layout selection shouldn’t necessarily match mine but instead reflect the topic and content you’re working with.

Choosing A Color Scheme

Before I even open Photoshop (yes, I design PowerPoint/Keynote slides in Photoshop and drop them in), I want to find a color scheme on which to base my entire design. When I need to quickly find several colors that go together I usually start with Adobe Color CC . Not only is it a great way to build your own color schemes, it’s an outstanding source to find schemes built by others that you can just grab for your projects.

As luck would have it, I liked the very first color scheme I saw upon opening Color. This scheme was featured on the home page and looked like a great place to start for our presentation design.

Now, if you wanted to get everything exactly right, you could make a list of the RGB or Hex values, but I prefer a quicker, more direct route. What I usually do is snap a screenshot of the color scheme, paste it into my document and stretch it across the canvas on its own layer for easy access. This way I can quickly activate the layer, eyedropper the color I want, then hide the layer and get back to work. It’s a bit like having a palette of colors to dip your paintbrush in.

Designing Your Cover Slide

Now that we have a color scheme, the design work is going to be much simpler. One trick that designers often use in presentations is to leverage the color scheme as heavily as possible. If you’re new to design, you’ll likely think that this is too easy, too plain or even that it’s cheating somehow, but trust me, it’ll be much more attractive and professional than that horrid Microsoft clipart library you love so much.

To start, simply grab one of your colors from the scheme you chose and flood the background of your slide with it (I chose #631c25). Good job, there’s your background. Don’t freak out. It’ll look great. Now let’s throw in some typography.

Choosing a Font

Font choice is a major issue for non-designers. The tendency is to think that most fonts are “boring” and to look around for something exciting and fun. This inevitably leads to the use of Comic Sans or some other equally hideous font.

Unless you’re an elementary school teacher, your presentations should never look like this. Instead, why don’t you try one of those “boring” fonts to see if you can come up with something you like.

Combining fonts can be a tricky task and can take a trained eye to pull off. Fortunately, font designers have already created collections that work well together and if you’re not a designer, they make it easy to pull off great typography. The trick is to just stay in a family. Again, I know this sounds lame, but it works really well if you make sure the two styles you choose are very different.

For instance, I chose a Helvetica Bold Condensed and a Helvetica Light for my cover slide. Notice how different the fonts are from each other in terms of thickness. Choosing two styles that are relatively close causes visual confusion and should be avoided as a general rule of thumb. Instead, what you want is contrast and plenty of it.

Alignment and Layout

Notice a few things about the way I set up this slide. First, I used a strong left alignment for the text. As I say in just about every design article I write, center alignment should be a last resort, not a first. It tends to be the weakest text alignment that you can choose, having a hard edge increases readability considerably (notice that book pages aren’t center-aligned).

Also, notice the generous whitespace that I used. Remember that you don’t have to eat up every inch of space. Giving your text room to breathe helps your layout immensely and gives the design a clean look.

Adding an Image

At this point you might be wondering why you wasted your time reading so I could give you such plain advice. The truth is, most people that create presentations could improve them by 100% from following the advice above. However, I realize minimalism may be too extreme for some folks so let’s throw in an image to make it look nice.

Since our text is on the left, I wanted to find something a little heavy on the right. The general theme that I’ll go for is “City photos” assuming I had some sort of architecture or city-centric presentation to give. Again, you’ll have to choose iamges relevant to your own topic.

I grabbed this Flickr Creative Commons image from photographer Ben Spreng .

Now, if we just made this image our background, the text would become unreadable and we would be ditching our color scheme. What we’re going to do instead is set it on top of the colored slide and set our blending mode to Overlay. Then throw your opacity to around 45%.

As you can see, this helps the slide look much more interesting but keeps the text and colors fairly intact. It’s a simple solution that adds a lot of interest to an otherwise plain design.

Adding Content Slides

The cover may seem like it’s only a tiny part of the battle, but you’ve actually already set the tone for the entire presentation. You’ve got your theme, color scheme and fonts already in place. Now you just need to set up a few different layouts for your content.

The thing to keep in mind is to keep everything extremely simple, and that includes the level of content that you include. Apart from design, these are just good presentation tactics that you’ll learn in every public speaking class. Filling your slides with everything you’re going to say makes you unnecessary. You could just email everyone the slides and shut up.

Instead, the slides are merely meant to be a visual aid. Show a slide with your overall topic or main point, then speak the rest, without reading. Nothing is worse than watching a guy read his note cards word-for-word for thirty minutes, except perhaps watching a guy turn his back to the audience so he can actually read his slides out loud to you the whole time! You may laugh, but I’ve seen it happen folks.

For our first content slide, we’ll grab another Flickr photo and set it to the bottom portion of our slide at full bleed. Then we’ll set the top to another color from our scheme and toss in some text using the same exact formatting that we used on the cover.

See how this closely resembles the theme we’ve already established while still looking significantly different? This is they key to good presentation design: cohesiveness without redundancy.

Now for our third slide, we can simply do the inverse of the second slide with a new color and a new image .

Adding Informational Elements

It would be nice if every slide ever presented could work in a full bleed image, but the truth is that this simply isn’t practical. It will often be the case that you’re presenting graphical information or some other item that isn’t necessarily a photo.

My advice here is to try to stick as close to your theme as possible. For the slide below I flooded the entire background with a solid color from our original scheme and made a quick 3D graph with white columns (I drew a few flat boxes in Illustrator and applied a 3D effect).

As you can see, this slide is very information-focused and yet it doesn’t sacrifice the aesthetics and simplicity we’ve already established.

You’re All Set

From here you might come up with one or two more alternate slide designs and then rotate between them for the duration of your speech. The result is a presentation that is beautiful, very readable and highly professional. The bonus is that the simple, straightforward design will probably result in less work than a clip-art-filled horror show.

Most of the time, great design doesn’t mean being particularly artistic or knowing how to create amazing complex layouts. Instead, it’s about presenting information in an attractive and user-friendly way. With this goal in mind you realize that you’re probably trying way too hard if your end result is ugly. Try cutting out half or more of the elements on one of your slides and giving what’s left a strong left or right alignment with plenty of whitespace.

I hope this article has convinced you to abandon that clip art gallery once and for all. The benefits of clean, minimal design in presentations are clear: the information is easier to take in and the end result is more professional than the mess of information you typically see in presentation slides.

Of course, if you’re looking to get started quickly, flick through our collection of the best PowerPoint templates to find a beautiful set of pre-made designs!

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Presentation Design: A Step-by-Step Guide

Nailing your presentation structure can have a big impact on your target audiences, whether they are investors, coworkers, partners, or potential customers. It helps get your ideas across and persuade others. 

For a presentation to work, its contents must be paired with great design. In fact, 91% of presenters feel more confident with a well-designed slide deck.

Now, design may not be something that interests you or something you’re good at. But like it or not, the moment you fire up Powerpoint, or Keynote you are a designer. And there is no escape. 

So instead of designing a poor presentation with lousy templates, why not learn the essentials of designing a beautiful presentation?

In this guide, we’ll discuss how to design a captivating presentation, and break down the whole process into small chunks so you can tackle each step easily. 

If you’re eager to put these principles into practice, create a Piktochart account and start creating beautiful presentations in minutes.

What makes a presentation well designed?

A bad presentation can give the impression that you lack preparation, care, and credibility. A well-designed presentation, on the other hand, makes you look professional and trustworthy. Here’s what it means: 

Less text and more visuals

Humans are visual beings. Our comprehension of visual elements is way more than just plain text. And we retain any information much better when it’s paired with imagery. 

If you want your message to connect with your audience, remove the extra text in your slides and replace it with visual content .

There are many ways to add photos , one of which is visualizing your data into timelines , flowcharts, graphs , and other frameworks. For example, this presentation by Trinh Tu uses data visualization really well to convey key stats and details.

However, adding visuals doesn’t mean just throwing some fancy pictures and icons onto your slides. Your icons and photos need to be relevant.

Before you add a visual element, always check if it contributes to the message you are trying to communicate. 

Well-placed pictures can go a long way in helping the audience connect with your presentation. So use them cautiously and strategically. 

Summarize points instead of writing them all out

According to a survey by David Paradi , the three things that annoy audiences most about presentations are:  

• Speakers reading their slides 
• Slides that include full sentences of text 
• Text that is too small to read 

Notice what’s common to all these annoyances? The text. People have extremely short attention spans, especially when it comes to reading heaps of text. 

So the text in your presentation slides should be just enough to complement the speaker, no more. It should not compete with what’s being said. 

For example, this simple presentation does a great job of summarizing the message of each slide in just a few words and breaking up the text nicely into multiple slides. 

Crowding your slides with all the information you have makes you unnecessary. You don’t want people to be distracted by reading when they’re trying to listen to you. 

Instead, the slides should only be considered as a visual aid. So keep them simple. Focus on the message, not the slides themselves. 

One takeaway per slide

As we discussed, people find it hard to absorb too much information from a single slide. So don’t overwhelm your audience, and remember that less is more. Make sure not to have more than one key point in each presentation slide.  

For example, this presentation about startup weekend has minimalistic slides walking viewers through one message at a time. It also shows that you don’t need a ton of fancy elements to make your presentation visually appealing.

Limit each of your slides to a simple statement, and you’ll easily be able to direct your audience’s focus to the main topic and subtopics. 

Arranging your text this way is one of the best ways to make a powerful impact on your presentation design.  

Clear hierarchy in design

Visual hierarchy is easily one of the most important yet most overlooked design principles. Simply put, it means the color, size, contrast, alignment, and other factors related to each element of your slide should be based on its importance. 

The most important elements should capture the attention of your audience first, followed by the second most important elements, and so on. 

Needless to say, you must know the whole narrative and outline before you start planning the visual hierarchy. It’s all about the message you want each slide and your whole presentation to get across. 

For example, in this presentation about building a good team, see how the header text, the description text, and the button text are different from each other. The header font is the largest and placed at the top, catching immediate attention. 

Then your eyes go to the button text because it captures attention with a red background. And finally, you see the description, the illustration, and other elements. 

So as you design your presentation, consider the narrative and plan the visual hierarchy needed to justify the story. This will ensure that your audience will not miss out on the key points you want to emphasize. 

Design consistency across slides

People are quick to identify inconsistencies in a presentation design, and these inconsistencies prevent them from having a fully engaging experience. So keep your presentation design consistent with a single theme.

Consistency creates a better flow and shows that each slide in your presentation belongs to the same story. To understand this better, see the below slide from this presentation . 

Notice how the slide primarily uses only two colors (white and red) for all the elements. And the image dimensions, fonts, and styling for each team member are exactly the same. 

You’ll notice the same thing in other slides of this presentation too. The same colors, the same font family , and similar backgrounds have been used in the overall design . This is what we mean by consistency. 

If the presentation you’re making is part of a company, the company may already have a style guide that dictates how to keep your presentation consistent with the company’s branding. If not, it’s never too late to create one . 

Call to action

A presentation is not complete without a call to action (CTA). If there is no CTA, your audience will think, “Is that it?” and you’ll leave them wondering what they’re supposed to do next with the information you provided.

The best CTAs are simple and easy. For example, you can ask the audience to contact you, connect on social media, sign up for a product or webinar. 

Also, make sure to highlight the incentive. Your audience should be clear on the main benefits they will get by following through with your call to action. 

The bottom line is: Make it a no-brainer and make it easy for people to take action right away. 

Designing a great presentation

Now that you know the ingredients of appealing presentation design, let’s see how to design a presentation that wows your audience, and also drives your key points home at the same time. Follow the below presentation, ideas, steps, and best practices to create a stunning presentation.

Prepare slide backgrounds and images

Backgrounds and pictures go a long way in setting the right mood and feel for your presentation. And there is no one right way to do this. Your options are limited only by your creativity.

For example, this presentation from Zuora makes masterful use of background images. Almost every slide has a beautiful background photo, along with a color overlay above the background to make the text easy to read. 

Pay attention to the following best practices as you work on your backgrounds and photos:

• Make sure your images have enough contrast with your words. 
• Use simple images that are closely relevant to your messages. You can use multiple free and paid stock photo sites to find photos that resonate with what you want to convey. These include Picography , Unsplash , Freepik , and Gratisography .
• Don’t pick common, generic stock images that people have already seen hundreds of times elsewhere. Also, avoid clipart for the same reasons. 
• Don’t crowd too many pictures into a single slide.
• Ensure that your images are of high quality, with a resolution that allows a comfortable viewing experience. They should come off as clear and crisp on both small and large screens. 

Zero in on your slide layouts

Contrary to what you may believe, great presentation design is not about being very artistic or creating complex layouts. Instead, your focus should be on communicating information in a nice, user-friendly way.

For example, this presentation has many slides that emphasize a great alternative to the conventional approach of putting text over an image. It leverages a split-screen layout for each slide, resulting in clean and elegant quotes paired with stunning visuals. 

Pay attention to the following best practices as you work on slide layouts:

• Make sure you have a reason for aligning elements in a certain way for each slide. If possible, use frames or grids to align your images and text appropriately. 
• When used too often, center alignment makes your design look amateurish. Use it only as a last resort.  
• Don’t keep using the same layout for consecutive slides. It makes your presentation dull and repetitive. Mix up the layouts to keep your audience engaged. 
• Have enough white space around each element. Don’t feel like you have to fill vacant spaces with more objects. Giving each visual room to breathe makes your whole design easier on the eyes, while a cluttered composition is hard to make sense of. 

Pick your colors wisely

Colors influence emotions and contribute to the identity of your brand. They also lift the audience’s overall sense of enthusiasm and move people to action. So you must use colors strategically to pull the audience into your presentation. 

For example, this colorful presentation for Adidas was designed to show how its deck could give a combination of fun and luxurious vibes. 

Notice the colors used in the above slide. There is a lot of white, purple, and blue, with some variations used sparingly around the illustrations. Only three main colors are doing most of the heavy lifting. That’s why the overall design still works even with some extra colors thrown in. 

Pay attention to the following best practices as you work on your presentation colors:

• If your company already has a color palette in place, stick to it. If not, pick a strong color scheme with no more than five colors to serve as a base for your presentation design. Too many colors can make your audience frantic. 
• Use tools such as Adobe Color CC , Kuler , Piknik , and 0to255 to play around with different colors and color schemes and see what works with what. 
• Make sure your color scheme has colors that can contrast and complement each other. Colors that don’t clash will make your presentation look clean and polished. 

Select the right fonts

Typography is another factor that can make or break your presentation. Fonts have a subtle but powerful impact on how the audience views both your presentation and your brand. 

But choosing fonts is a major challenge for those without any form of design education or experience. They mistakenly think that simple and basic fonts are too dull and boring. So they try to look for some fancy fonts to make their presentation exciting, eventually ending up with some hideous or outdated font such as Comic Sans.

Instead, you should consider the readability of the message you want to convey. For example, this presentation by With Company makes great use of modern typography . 

Since many of the slides have lengthy quotes, they are split in ways to make the message easy to digest. In addition, see how all the text is super clean and concise. 

Pay attention to the following best practices as you work on your presentation fonts: 

• Just like with your color scheme, use the same set of fonts and the same font sizes in all the slides of your presentation. For example, if your slide heading is Verdana 40pt, then each slide heading should be Verdana 40pt. In fact, you don’t need more than three fonts that work well together. 
• If you feel like using some animated text that bounces, soars, or glitters, just don’t. Curb the temptation. Hyperactive words and phrases are annoying and distracting. 
• If you already have standard font pairs based on your company’s brand identity, use those. If not, choose fonts that convey the voice and tone you’re aiming for. 
• The best fonts for presentations are simple, professional, modern, and readable. Pick a font such that there is a significant difference between its regular and bold font faces.
• Don’t shy away from using standard fonts. Avoid using some rare font that’s unlikely to be available on all computers and mobile devices.
• Pair fonts that work well with each other. Granted, this can be tricky and hard for an untrained eye to pull off. But there are many collections known to be effective. So you can pick from those. Resources like FontPair and FontJoy make it easy to find great font combinations.
• As discussed before, size the fonts based on visual hierarchy. For example, headlines should be larger than body text. But even the least significant texts should be large enough to read, with appropriate line and letter spacing. 

Wrapping up

We know this may be a lot to take in. It’s not easy to design a mesmerizing presentation. But the final result is worth all the trouble. A great presentation can open doors that you may have never thought to be possible. 

A clean design is much easier to take in. It makes you and your brand look more credible and professional. So use the above steps to push your design skills as far as you can. 

Start improving one thing at a time, and your efforts will add up to a point where you’ll design stunning presentations without thinking. You can also accelerate the process with a tool like Piktochart that comes with hundreds of ready-made templates and intuitive features. So get started today.

About The Author

Other Posts

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How to Make Good PowerPoint Slide Designs Even Better in 2024

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Want to learn how to design PowerPoint slides? Great presentations are supported by a good PowerPoint layout. Most PowerPoint graphic design you see is rather invisible. When something is wrong with a slide design, you'll notice. 

In this PowerPoint design tutorial, we cover the basics of presentation design. It's a strong way to approach how to make a good PowerPoint presentation design. As you'll notice, subtle details go a long way. You'll learn:

• Visual Hierarchy . We'll look at visual hierarchy and how you can use it effectively.
• Slide Layout . Turning the design principles of visual hierarchy into effective PowerPoint slide designs. 
• Typography . Choosing the right typefaces. 
• Color . The basics of color theory.
• Details . The extras that make your presentation great.

We'll look at how you can apply all these techniques to your designer PowerPoint ideas.

5 Principles of Presentation Design

How to follow a good powerpoint design principles, how to quickly design great slides in powerpoint with ppt templates, find the best premade powerpoint templates, 5 best powerpoint presentation design templates (for 2024), discover more great powerpoint templates, 5 top trends in powerpoint graphic design, common powerpoint questions answered (faq), more great powerpoint tutorial resources, make great presentations (free ebook download), apply powerpoint design principles to your next presentation, start a good design with a good template.

Are you looking to use ready-made presentation slide designs to shorten the process? I recommend checking out the trending PowerPoint templates on Envato Elements. It can save valuable time when you need to get a beautiful presentation, done quickly. It also takes some of the guess work out of how to design PowerPoint slides. 

We're going to talk about PowerPoint graphic design, but first we need to understand what that means. After all, it's not enough to open PowerPoint and start clicking. If you want to know how to design PowerPoint slides, you've got to understand the principles.

We'll look at how important structure and slide layouts are to content. You can also learn how the fonts and colors you choose affect the whole presentation. We'll also look at any details you can add to improve design.

We're going to dive deeper into these principles of design. They're behind a great PowerPoint presentation:

1. Visual Hierarchy

Any type of design starts with visual hierarchy. What exactly is visual hierarchy? This refers to the arrangement of elements in a way that it implies importance. You can influence how we perceive what we see with contrast.

The theory of visual hierarchy helps you define the structure of your PPT design slides. Good visual hierarchy assures that the right elements are catching your attention.

You can achieve visual hierarchy through several PowerPoint graphic design techniques:

• Use contrasting colors to make certain elements stand out more.
• Play with the size of text or photos to make something stand out more than something else.

The above concepts are known as adding visual weight to an element. How does this work in practice? How does this help us learn how to design PowerPoint slides? 

Below, you see two slides with the same copy. One's got no visual hierarchy applied. The other one uses simple color and typography. You'll learn more about later. It's used to apply visual weight.

For Example

You're giving a financial presentation. You want your audience to recall that the third quarter performed poorly and why.

It's unrealistic is to believe your audience will recall exact data. A presentation gives a lot of information in a short time span. Unfortunately, the attention of people is quite brief. Focus on key messages and use visual hierarchy to make those ideas stick out. It will help people digest your objective and key takeaways slides in PowerPoint.

2. Slide Layout Design

You can apply visual hierarchy to create effective PowerPoint presentation slide designs. It's one of the corner stones of how to make a good PowerPoint design.

The trick is to understand what the most important message is. Through PowerPoint design principles, that this will be the content that people remember.

This goes further than just designing one simple slide background. For example, you might have a few slides in a row about the same topic. But the final slide with the conclusion could be the slide to add that extra visual weight. For example, by adding an image for the first time or making the text bigger as usual. This is applying visual hierarchy to your slide layouts as well.

One of the most effective PowerPoint graphic design tricks to apply is that less is more , in most cases. When you've got key statistics, the following method helps:

• First, display the graph (or all the statistics) that display the context of the key number.
• Display the key percentage on a single slide. Try this without any further elements. Use this as a follow-up to make people pay attention to this number.

This is known as letting your design (and content) breathe. The idea you should keep in mind is that you should try and give your content (and thus your design) a hidden order.

Repetition is another trick to help you emphasize a key message. For example, try displaying a graph. Then try an individual statistic on two separate slides. This is a good example of effective repetition. It will also help your designer PowerPoint ideas stick with an audience.

If you're looking for some inspiration for slide layouts, dive into this curated selection of trending PPT presentation designs: 

3. Typography

We can't discuss how to design PowerPoint slides without talking about type. The right choice of typography goes a long way as a PowerPoint designer. It can really improve the design of your PowerPoint presentation.

For example, if your whole presentation has Comic Sans as a font choice, people will notice. When you notice a font, it's often because the legibility of the font is quite poor. If something is difficult to read, it requires much more attention from your audience.

Traditional font choices are often the best to use for PowerPoint presentation slide design. Stick to Helvetica, Arial or Gill Sans, for example. Use the regular version for your body text and use the bold version for your title. Make your font size big enough to ensure readability (around 18pt) and make titles bigger (around 34pt).

It's also possible to mix fonts as a PowerPoint designer. When you're just starting out, I'd recommend keeping things simple. If you're curious, you could always try to search for good font combinations.

If you're intrigued by typography, there are plenty online resources to help you. I personally enjoy  Typewolf , for example.

Of course, typography is a way to customize a design and make presentations much more unique. But, when starting out, I recommend sticking to the basics.

Something else to think about is how much text you use on your slides. It's rarely useful to write down full sentences in presentations. It's much better to use bullet lists of key facts. Make sure that people are paying attention to you while you're giving your presentation. Remember our ' Improving our marketing ' slide? Let's clean that one up so you'll notice the difference.

As you can see, this marketing key takeaways slide looks better straight away. Apply this principle to your objective slide, and all other slides, in PowerPoint.

Color is an essential part of how to design PowerPoint slides. But color is a complex topic. A good understanding of the basics goes a long way. Understand that colors express a certain feeling, much like photography. Brighter, more vibrant colors often come across more playful. Darker colors often feel a little cooler (and more professional).

Notice the playful colors in this PowerPoint template's simple slide backgrounds. If you dig further into the PPT download, there are some simple minimal slides and a darker set to work with as well.

The colors you use in your PowerPoint graphic design depend on the context. If you're making a professional presentation, you'll likely work with the colors of your brand. That makes presentation design much easier. I recommend sticking to brand colors instead of experimenting.

In other cases, you might have to choose colors from scratch. In that case, don't panic yet. You can still make a palette that works with your designer PowerPoint ideas.

If you're a little more daring, you can learn more about color theory. You could try complementary and contrasting colors, for example.

An easy way to get started with color is to use a resource such as Adobe Color . By browsing the 'Explore' section, you can discover wonderful color palettes. Another way to see some nice palettes is to use design sites as Dribbble or Behance . See what colors are being used as inspiration.

You'd be surprised how some subtle elements can pack a lot of punch. They can really improve your presentation visually. Think about these important details:

Photography

A presentation wouldn't be complete without the use of photography. Photography is the easiest way to improve your PowerPoint presentation. A simple trick to improve the design of your presentation is to use high-quality stock photography. You can find thousands of gorgeous professional stock photos on Envato Elements.

Using premium stock photos such as those found on Envato Elements means your presentation will be unique. You won't be using the same old stock photography everyone else is using. You can find photos that match your brand. You can also find photos of landscapes, city or coffee vibes, office settings, and much more.

Another simple way to visually enhance your presentation is to use icons. Icons are great to use when you've got little text in your presentation and don't want to use photography.

Ideally as a PowerPoint designer, you use icons from a single icon kit. This assures that all icons do have the same style. What's excellent is that a lot of PowerPoint themes you can buy include an icon kit. If not, you can find icon kits online on marketplaces like Envato Elements.

When working with data, adding some type of chart can help in your presentation.

Charts as a design element are something to pay attention to, as it's easy to overwhelm your audience with a bunch of data. Here are some thoughts about using charts to your advantage:

• Don't use too many charts. Rather use them sparingly and only when they add value to what you've got to say.
• Make sure that the data is easily legible. This, by avoiding fancy animations or unnecessary 3D design for example. 
• Have a follow-up slide explaining the key takeaway of your chart.

Learn more about how to create charts in this PowerPoint design tutorial:

Discover more helpful infographic and data-driven PowerPoint presentation design templates : 

If possible, adding some multimedia to your presentation can help in many ways. First, it makes your presentation feel interactive. An interactive element can help you explain your designer PowerPoint ideas in a way that words and pictures can't.

But don't forget what we've learned about how to make a good PowerPoint design. Fundamentals come before distracting extras.

Let's use a mobile app as an example. Displaying a video demo might be an intriguing option. You could show off features that way. 

Transitions and Animations

When thinking on how to design a PPT slide, you might consider animations. Transitions are often added to PowerPoint design elements.

The above is a little tricky. It's very easy to overdo animations and transitions. It can distract your audience. A good rule is that 80% of your presentation doesn't really need a transition or animation.

Only use transitions and animations where it matters. Use them to help your audience remember what you're saying. The principles of visual hierarchy apply here as well. 

Want to learn more about how to use animations in your PowerPoint presentation slide designs? Check out this PowerPoint design tutorial:

So, let's use what we learned about how to design PowerPoint slides. We'll dive into how you can apply all the lessons above while working on a PowerPoint presentation design:

Step 1. Plan Your Content Before the Design

I know that as a PowerPoint designer you want to dive straight into your work. But before you start working on the design of your PPT slides, think about your content. Consider your key messages . Ask yourself what your audience should remember after seeing your presentation. That's a big part of effective PowerPoint design.

Optimize your objective and key takeaways slides in PowerPoint to support those messages. Make sure that your content and your key message stands out. That's where all the above PowerPoint graphic design advice kicks in. 

In summary, start with your key message. The opportunity to design will follow. Learn more about the presentation writing process in this PowerPoint design tutorial: 

Step 2. Now Begin With Presentation Design Basics

Once you've got your content figured out, next you should define what the foundations of your slide design should be. Remember, this is a big part of how to make a good PowerPoint presentation design.

This is defined by your selection of  color and  typography . Pick a primary color and a font you'd like to work with and you're off for a good start.

Step 3. Collect Your Photography

You'll likely use some sort of photography (or other imagery) in your presentation. Start collecting images you like. Select them for your PowerPoint presentation once you start designing.

After you're all set with the above, start with the actual design.

Step 4. Define Your Slide Layout(s)

Finally, it's time to work on the layout of each individual slide. It's not necessary to create a unique layout for each slide, but some variety helps. Good PowerPoint design finds a balance. For a presentation of about 20 slides, I work on about six to eight layouts. I'll use them throughout my PowerPoint presentation design. For this presentation, for example, I've designed three layouts. You can see them below for some inspiration:

A layout can be quite simple with its slide backgrounds and foreground elements. For example, a simple title with a subtitle or a slide containing a photo. Or a layout can be complex. For example, combining some bullet points and a graph. A well-designed PowerPoint is strategically designed.

The trick is to create enough layouts. Pay attention to the design of the slide layout individually.

Once you've designed all layouts, put your PowerPoint design together and see how your presentation flows. Make sure to practice your presentation at least once! Then, fine-tune your design and finish your presentation! 

Let’s work with a basic presentation with nice PowerPoint graphic design. We can quickly turn it into a standout PowerPoint graphic design example. We'll use the help of a professional PPT template. 

I’ve designed a very basic presentation in PowerPoint that consists of five slides:

• title slide
• about slide
• product slide
• picture and text slide

I’ll be using this PowerPoint template to share these designer PowerPoint ideas. We'll customize the design of the basic presentation. 

Download the template above or follow along with your favorite premium template. These PowerPoint graphic design concepts will apply to any design. Let's get started:

Step 1. Find Slides You Want To Use 

You don't need to be an all-star PowerPoint designer for the first step in the process. Just find the slides you want to use to customize the template. The easiest way to do this is to switch to the Slide Sorter view. Delete any slides you don’t want by clicking to select them. Then, right-click on those slides and select Delete .

Step 2. Customize Your Title Slide

The title slide is one of the most important slides in your presentation. When done right, it can pique the interest of your audience so it’s a good idea to make sure it captures their attention. My original slide uses a simple underlined title for the slide background.

I’ve customized the title slide, so it includes a full-width photo. I’ve also changed the fonts. The result makes the slide title look more polished and professional. 

Step 3. Layer Text and Images

Your presentation will have a variety of different slides. Some slides might be purely text based. Others might have a combination of text and images. Get creative and experiment with layering text over images. 

This template makes it easy to experiment with designer PowerPoint ideas. I’ve made it more visually interesting by playing with the text layout. I've also layered text over images in the simple slide backgrounds. 

Step 4. Break Away From the Grid

Chances are, you might use many photos on one slide. But that doesn’t mean you've got to place them side by side. 

Break away from the grid and place images in different positions. You can also break them apart with text. Your slides will be more interesting this way. That means your audience will be more engaged throughout the presentation. 

As you can see, I had a basic, grid-based slide with two images side by side.

Here, I’ve made the product slide more interesting and engaging. Simply add some text between the images. Try it for your own objective and key takeaways slide in PowerPoint.

Step 5. Spice Up Text With Icons

Another way to spice up your text-based slides is to use icons. Icons are great visual cues that help us visualize important points. In the example below, I’ve used a text-based slide with a simple title and a plain bulleted list.

I’ve made this slide more engaging by adding icons instead of bullet points. I've also tried rearranging the text to fit more points onto one slide.   

A premade PowerPoint template is a great time saver, even for PowerPoint designers. You can find plenty of PowerPoint templates over on Envato Elements.

Each of the PowerPoint templates features an attractive design. They come with premade slides. Many also include extra elements such as charts, icons, and graphs. It'll be an invaluable resource and help you make an effective slide design.

Look at some of the best PowerPoint presentation design templates from Envato Elements:

1.  Nextar - Multipurpose PowerPoint Presentation Design Template

The Nextar template has a modern and trendy graphic design for PowerPoint. It comes with 30 unique slides and three premade color schemes. That's plenty of options for your key takeaways slides. The template is versatile enough to be used in business or corporate presentations as well as webinars, pitch decks, and more. On top of that, the template's got image placeholders so all you've got to do is drag and drop in your images.

2. Brusher - Trendy PowerPoint Presentation

The Brusher template is a trendy PowerPoint template. It’s a great choice if you’re looking to enhance your PowerPoint presentations with graphics. The template features bold brush strokes. You'll also get 120+ slides and five premade color schemes. It also includes image placeholders and creative illustrations.

3. Native - Minimalist PowerPoint Presentation Design Template

Try this template if you like a minimalist design style. This template is perfect for small businesses that want a clean presentation look. The template includes over 20 premade color schemes and 84 individual slides. The slides are animated, and you'll also get custom icons that you can use to improve your PowerPoint presentation.

4. Mild - PowerPoint Presentation Template

Consider this template if you want to use photos in your presentation design. The template includes image placeholders. You can easily replace them with your own photos. The template comes with a custom icon pack. It also has 35 premade slides as well as over 50 color schemes.

5. Sprint - Bold PowerPoint Template

This template features a bold and modern design. It's perfect for startups as well as established corporations. The template comes with 20 master slides. They'll let you quickly customize your objective and other slides in PowerPoint. You'll also get matching charts, diagrams, tables, and other data visualization elements. This template is a perfect choice if you want to quickly design a PowerPoint presentation.

Find more great PowerPoint presentation design templates in this article:

The templates above are just a small sample of what’s available on our marketplaces in terms of PowerPoint templates. To see even more great PowerPoint designs, check out the articles below: 

As you explore how to design in PowerPoint, you might wonder which aesthetic is best. PowerPoint design principles are in this article. But good PowerPoint design also requires sensitivity to your objectives. PowerPoint design elements should make sense. A good PowerPoint layout that looks great but doesn't relate won't succeed.

A well-designed PowerPoint uses design principles to communicate. That's what makes an effective PowerPoint design. It looks good. It works well. It connects to the material. Consider how to design a PowerPoint presentation from this perspective.

Check out these design trends. They each use PowerPoint design principles in their own, strategic way. 

1. Use Color as a Consistent, Anchoring Element

It's a great idea to have variety, from slide to slide. This keeps things interesting. But too much variety can look chaotic. Color can act as a consistent element in our presentation.

Look at this premium PowerPoint template, below. Its use of color shows excellent PowerPoint graphic design. Each slide layout varies quite a bit. One of the elements they all have in common is this bright, yellow color. It helps keep them looking like one, related presentation. 

2. Visually Communicate Ideas With Infographics

Infographics are both trendy and a smart choice. It's one thing to hear facts. It's another to actually see them. Conveying data in more than one way can help with retention rates. It can also help further communicate the overall message behind the data. 

There are so many creative ways you can use infographics too. Use them for statistics. Try infographics for timelines and progress reports. And put them against simple slide backgrounds that aren't distracting.

3. Experiment With Abstract Shapes

Abstract shapes have been quite trendy in PowerPoint template design. They work well in many different aesthetics too. This premium PowerPoint template uses bouncy, playful shapes. When paired with these muted colors, it makes for a friendly design. 

Abstract shapes also lend to make for a versatile aesthetic. The neutrality of abstract backgrounds and designs can work in so many scenarios. 

4. Let Beautiful Photography Do the Talking

Visuals are part of every PowerPoint designer's toolkit. Large, high-quality photos can be really communicative. This is particularly effective if you're sharing product photos or a portfolio. If your presentation or business is heavily reliant on visuals, consider pushing the photography. 

Keep in mind that your PowerPoint design elements shouldn't fight for attention. If the photo is the emphasis, then the other elements should support that. This means a large photo might warrant smaller text, for example.

5. Try a Dark, High Contrast Aesthetic

Dark PowerPoint themes can be really trendy too. Doesn't this premium PowerPoint presentation look cool? Themes like this could be particularly well received in technology industries. There's a lot of potential for high energy and high contrast in an aesthetic like this one too. 

Make sure to keep an eye out for readability in this aesthetic. Too much contrast can be hard on the eyes. Check to make sure your content is easily legible for your audience.

As you explore how to design PowerPoint slides, questions may arise. Take a look at these answers to commonly asked design questions:

1. What's the Best Look for My PowerPoint Design?

This is a great question with a complicated answer. An effective PowerPoint design has a look that relates to the topic. Make sure your PowerPoint design elements relate. Visuals are very communicative. You can use them to support your narrative.

Want to learn more about visual communication and storytelling? Check out this free tutorial:

2. How Can I Get Better at Typography? How Do I Choose Fonts?

Typography can be a complicated subject. It's a good idea to get yourself comfortable with the basics. But here are some quick tips to get you started. Think of it like a cheat sheet that you can rely on:

• Avoid using too many different fonts. This can look distracting. 
• Make sure your fonts are legible. Display fonts are not for things like body copy.
• When pairing fonts together, go for fonts that contrast. This means two fonts that are visually different. Choose one for emphasis and one to complement.

Want to learn more about typography? Check out this free guide:

3. How Can I Design Good PowerPoint Layouts? 

We covered some great tips and tricks on layout design in this article. But there's plenty more to discover. If you feel stuck, remember these essential basics:

• Hierarchy matters. Draw attention to key points, like headlines. Supplemental content should have less contrast or scale.
• Remember not to "stuff" your layouts. Sometimes, less is more. It is often better to be reserved than to overdo it.
• Be selective with your content. Too much variety can look chaotic. Don't overdo it with things like colors, fonts, or imagery.

Learn more about great layout design in this free tutorial:

4. How Can I Come Up With Creative PowerPoint Design Ideas?

Ideas can be one of the trickiest parts of the design process. When in doubt, try some visual research. This can be as simple as looking at other designs. Note what works well in them. Think about what you can learn from them and try in your own designs.

If you're looking for design inspiration, check out these collections from Envato Tuts+. There's plenty to see and download. Besides, there's design tips you can try too.

5. How Can I Learn More about Design Principles?

There's even more to learn about the principles of design. The best part is that these principles can apply to almost all types of design too. So, you can use this in your PowerPoint slide designs, business cards, stationery, and more. 

While the official list can vary, the principles of design generally include:

Check out these Microsoft PowerPoint tutorials from Envato Tuts+. There are many resources to help take your PowerPoint skills further: 

Take the tips you learned in this article further with our eBook: The Complete Guide to Making Great Presentations ( grab it now for FREE ) . 

It'll help walk you through the complete presentation process. Learn how to write your presentation, design it like a pro, and prepare it to present powerfully.

That's it! We covered the basics of effective PowerPoint presentation design. You've just learned how design PowerPoint (PPT) slides. As a key takeaway, remember that good design is often subtle. The best design is typically invisible.

Instead of trying to design everything, keep it simple and focus on a process that works for you. For example, design a few layouts you could use. Only use animations where it makes sense. Keep your colors simple.

If you lack time, I recommend starting from a professional PPT template and customizing it to your needs.

Here are some excellent PowerPoint templates to look at on Envato Elements. Download unlimited presentation designs. Download web templates, and graphic assets for a single monthly fee.

Designing is much easier if you don't make it unnecessarily difficult for yourself.

Editorial Note:  The tutorial was originally published in March of 2017. It's been comprehensively revised to include new information—with special help from Brenda Barron , Daisy Ein , and Nathan Umoh . 

Like what you're reading?

Presentation design guide: tips, examples, and templates

Get your team on prezi – watch this on demand video.

Anete Ezera January 09, 2023

Presentation design defines how your content will be received and remembered. It’s responsible for that crucial first impression and sets the tone for your presentation before you’ve even introduced the topic . It’s also what holds your presentation together and guides the viewer through it. That’s why visually appealing, easily understandable, and memorable presentation design is what you should be striving for. But how can you create a visually striking presentation without an eye for design? Creating a visually appealing presentation can be challenging without prior knowledge of design or helpful tools. 

With this presentation design guide accompanied by Prezi presentation examples , templates , and AI functionalities , you’ll have no problem creating stunning and impactful presentations that’ll wow your audience.

In this guide, we’ll start by looking at the basics of presentation design. We’ll provide a simple guide on creating a presentation from scratch and offer helpful tips for different presentation types . In addition, you’ll discover how to organize information into a logical order and present it in a way that resonates with listeners. Finally, we’ll share tips and tricks to create an eye-catching presentation, and showcase some great presentation examples and templates you can get inspired by!

With our comprehensive guide to the best presentation design techniques, you’ll be able to develop an engaging and professional presentation that gets results!

What is presentation design?

Presentation design encompasses a variety of elements that make up the overall feel and look of the presentation. It’s a combination of certain elements, like text, font, color, background, imagery, and animations. 

Presentation design focuses on finding ways to make the presentation more visually appealing and easy to process, as it is often an important tool for communicating a message. It involves using design principles like color, hierarchy, white space, contrast, and visual flow to create an effective communication piece.

Creating an effective presentation design is important for delivering your message efficiently and leaving a memorable impact on your audience. Most of all, you want your presentation design to support your topic and make it easier to understand and digest. A great presentation design guides the viewer through your presentation and highlights its essential aspects. 

If you’re interested in learning more about presentation design and its best practices , watch the following video and get practical insights on designing your next presentation:

Types of presentations

When creating a presentation design, you have to keep in mind several types of presentations that shape the initial design you want to have. Depending on your presentation type, you’ll want to match it with a fitting presentation design.

1. Informative

An informative presentation provides the audience with facts and data to educate them on a certain subject matter. This could be done through visual aids such as graphs, diagrams, and charts. In an informative presentation, you want to highlight data visualizations and make them more engaging with interactive features or animations. On Prezi Design, you can create different engaging data visualizations from line charts to interactive maps to showcase your data.

2. Instructive

Instructive presentations teach the audience something new. Whether it’s about science, business strategies, or culture, this type of presentation is meant to help people gain knowledge and understand a topic better. 

With a focus on transmitting knowledge, your presentation design should incorporate a variety of visuals and easy-to-understand data visualizations. Most people are visual learners, so you’ll benefit from swapping text-based slides for more visually rich content.

3. Motivational

Motivational presentations try to inspire the audience by giving examples of successful projects, stories, or experiences. This type of presentation is often used in marketing or promotional events because it seeks to get the audience inspired and engaged with a product or service. That’s why the presentation design needs to capture and hold the attention of your audience using a variety of animations and visuals. Go beyond plain images – include videos for a more immersive experience.

4. Persuasive

Persuasive presentations are designed to sway an audience with arguments that lead to an actionable decision (i.e., buy the product). Audiences learn facts and figures relevant to the point being made and explore possible solutions based on evidence provided during the speech or presentation.

In a persuasive presentation design, you need to capture your audience’s attention right away with compelling statistics wrapped up in interactive and engaging data visualizations. Also, the design needs to look and feel dynamic with smooth transitions and fitting visuals, like images, stickers, and GIFs.

To learn more about different types of presentations and how to structure them accordingly, read our article on presentation types .

How to design a presentation

When you first open a blank presentation page, you might need some inspiration to start creating your design. For this reason, we created a simple guide that’ll help you make your own presentation from scratch without headaches.

1. Opt for a motion-based presentation

You can make an outstanding presentation using Prezi Present, a software program that lets you create interactive presentations that capture your viewer’s attention. Prezi’s zooming feature allows you to add movement to your presentation and create smooth transitions. Prezi’s non-linear format allows you to jump between topics instead of flipping through slides, so your presentation feels more like a conversation than a speech. A motion-based presentation will elevate your content and ideas, and make it a much more engaging viewing experience for your audience.

Watch this video to learn how to make a Prezi presentation:

2. Create a structure & start writing content

Confidence is key in presenting. You can feel more confident going into your presentation if you structure your thoughts and plan what you will say. To do that, first, choose the purpose of your presentation before you structure it. There are four main types of presentations: informative, instructive, motivational, and persuasive. Think about the end goal of your presentation – what do you want your audience to do when you finish your presentation – and structure it accordingly.

Next, start writing the content of your presentation (script). We recommend using a storytelling framework, which will enable you to present a conflict and show what could be possible. In addition to creating compelling narratives for persuasive presentations, this framework is also effective for other types of presentations.

Tip: Keep your audience in mind. If you’re presenting a data-driven report to someone new to the field or from a different department, don’t use a lot of technical jargon if you don’t know their knowledge base and/or point of view.

3. Research & analyze 

Knowing your topic inside and out will make you feel more confident going into your presentation. That’s why it’s important to take the time to understand your topic fully. In return, you’ll be able to answer questions on the fly and get yourself back on track even if you forget what you were going to say when presenting. In case you have extra time at the end of your presentation, you can also provide more information for your audience and really showcase your expertise. For comprehensive research, turn to the internet, and library, and reach out to experts if possible.

4. Get to design

Keeping your audience engaged and interested in your topic depends on the design of your presentation.

Now that you’ve done your research and have a proper presentation structure in place, it’s time to visualize it.

4.1. Presentation design layout

What you want to do is use your presentation structure as a presentation design layout. Apply the structure to how you want to tell your story and think about how each point will lead to the next one. Now you can either choose to use one of Prezi’s pre-designed templates that resemble your presentation structure the most or start to add topics on your canvas as you go. 

Tip: When adding content, visualize the relation between topics by using visual hierarchy – hide smaller topics within larger themes or use the zooming feature to zoom in and out of supplementary topics or details that connect to the larger story you’re telling.

4.2. Color scheme

Now it’s time to choose your color scheme to give a certain look and feel to your presentation. Make sure to use contrasting colors to clearly separate text from the background, and use a maximum of 2 to 3 dominating colors to avoid an overwhelming presentation design.

4.2. Content (visuals + text)

Add content that you want to highlight in your presentation. Select from a wide range of images, stickers, GIFs, videos, data visualizations, and more from the content library, or upload your own. To provide more context, add short-format text, like bullet points or headlines that spotlight the major themes, topics, and ideas in your presentation. 

Also, here you’ll want to make a final decision on your font choice. Select a font that’s easy to read and goes well with your brand and topic.

Tip: Be careful not to turn your presentation into a script. Only display text that holds significant value – expand on the ideas when presenting. 

4.3. Transitions

Last but not least, bring your presentation design to life by adding smooth, attractive, and engaging transitions that take the viewer from one topic to another without disrupting the narrative. 

On Prezi, you can choose from a range of transitions that take you into the story world and provide an immersive presentation experience for your audience.

5. Practice your delivery 

Even with a great presentation design, how you deliver it is crucial in leaving an impression. Practice your presentation’s timing to become familiar with the rhythm and pace. It might help to record yourself to pinpoint areas for enhancement. Practicing in front of a friend or family member can also offer insights. Keep in mind the more you rehearse, the more self-assured and at ease you’ll be when giving the presentation.

6. Engage your audience 

Engaging with your audience can enhance the impact of your presentation. You could prompt discussions, invite participation, or incorporate features such as surveys or puzzles. For instance, when introducing a marketing plan you could kick off with a survey to assess how well the audience grasps the subject. This boosts interactivity in your presentation and also fosters a connection with your listeners and sustains their interest throughout.

7. Use storytelling techniques

Using stories can be a way to captivate your audience and ensure that your message sticks with them. When creating a presentation, consider incorporating a narrative structure that incorporates a beginning, middle, and end. For example, when outlining a business strategy, kick off with a story that highlights a challenge in need of resolution. Then delve into your proposed solution before illustrating the results that can be achieved. This storytelling approach can foster a connection with your audience and enhance their grasp of the main ideas you’re conveying.

8. Prepare for technical difficulties

It’s common to encounter glitches, so being ready is key. Make sure you have a strategy in place if things go south during your presentation. For instance, store your presentation on devices like a USB drive and online storage, and keep hard copies of important slides handy. Also, get acquainted with the equipment and software you’ll use for the presentation. Planning ahead for any issues can help you navigate them smoothly and maintain the flow of your presentation.

9. Include high-quality visuals

Good visuals play a role in the success of your presentation. Incorporate top-notch pictures, graphics,3 and videos to ensure your slides are visually captivating and interesting. Steer clear of using low-quality images that may come off as pixelated and amateurish. When presenting data, think about using charts or infographics to present the information clearly. Prezi provides access to a selection of high-quality visuals that can elevate the design impact of your presentation.

10. Be unique

It’s crucial to make sure your design is original to set yourself apart from the crowd. If you’re a student, aim to craft a presentation that showcases your flair and avoid imitating others. This approach helps you differentiate yourself and ensures that your work is more memorable. In the business field, make sure that your design elements, such as colors, fonts, and overall aesthetics are different from those used by similar companies. Steer clear of templates that might give your presentation a generic feel. By developing a unique design, you establish your identity and leave a lasting impact on your audience.

For more practical tips read our article on how to make a presentation . 

Presentation design tips

When it comes to presentations, design is key. A well-designed presentation can communicate your ideas clearly and engage your audience, while a poorly designed one can do the opposite.

To ensure your presentation is designed for success, note the following presentation design tips that’ll help you design better presentations that wow your audience.

1. Keep it simple

Too many elements on a slide can be overwhelming and distract from your message. While you want your content to be visually compelling, don’t let the design of the presentation get in the way of communicating your ideas. Presentation design elements need to elevate your message instead of overshadowing it. 

2. Use contrasting text colors

Draw attention to important points with contrasted text colors. Instead of using bold or italics, use a contrasting color in your chosen palette to emphasize the text.

3. Be clear and concise

Avoid writing long paragraphs that are difficult to read. Limit paragraphs and sections of text for optimum readability.

4. Make sure your slide deck is visually appealing

Use high-quality images and graphics, and limit the use of text to only the most important information. For engaging and diverse visuals, go to Prezi’s content library and discover a wide range of stock images, GIFs, stickers, and more.

5. Pay attention to detail

Small details like font choice and alignments can make a big difference in how professional and polished your presentation looks. Make sure to pay attention to image and text size, image alignment with text, font choice, background color, and more details that create the overall look of your presentation.

6. Use templates sparingly

While templates can help create a consistent look for your slides, overusing them can make your presentation look generic and boring. Use them for inspiration but don’t be afraid to mix things up with some custom designs as well. 

7. Design for clarity

Create a presentation layout that is easy to use and navigate, with clear labels and instructions. This is important for ensuring people can find the information they need quickly and easily if you end up sharing your presentation with others.

8. Opt for a conversational presentation design

Conversational presenting allows you to adjust your presentation on the fly to make it more relevant and engaging. Create a map-like arrangement that’ll encourage you to move through your presentation at your own pace. With a map-like design, each presentation will be customized to match different audiences’ needs. This can be helpful for people who have different levels of expertise or knowledge about the subject matter.

9. Be consistent 

Design consistency holds your presentation together and makes it easy to read and navigate. Create consistency by repeating colors, fonts, and design elements that clearly distinguish your presentation from others.

10. Have context in mind

A great presentation design is always dependent on the context. Your audience and objective influence everything from color scheme to fonts and use of imagery. Make sure to always have your audience in mind when designing your presentations.

11. Use white space effectively

In slide design, whitespace, also known as negative space, refers to the areas surrounding elements. It plays a role in decluttering your slides, enhancing readability, and directing focus towards content. Utilizing whitespace results in a sophisticated appearance for your slides. Remember, simplicity is key – avoid overwhelming your audience with information on each slide.

12. Incorporate visual hierarchy

When it comes to visuals, the key is to organize elements in a manner that naturally directs the viewer’s attention towards the crucial parts of the presentation. Utilize variations in size, color, and positioning to establish a flow for the viewer to navigate through. For instance, opt for fonts to highlight headings, colors for significant points, and position essential elements at the top of the slide. These tactics aid in ensuring that your audience grasps the ideas promptly and effortlessly.

For more presentation tips, read the Q&A with presentation design experts and get valuable insights on visual storytelling.

Make the presentation design process easier by pairing up with Prezi AI 

Presentation design may not come naturally to everyone, and time constraints often limit our ability to dedicate hours to perfecting our designs. Enter Prezi AI , a tool that streamlines the presentation design process enabling users to prioritize content over appeal. Let’s explore some ways in which Prezi AI can elevate your presentation design.

• Template suggestions: Prezi AI provides a range of crafted templates that are customized to match your presentation’s theme, guaranteeing that your slides have a unified appearance with minimal hassle.
• Smart formatting: When using Prezi AI , your text and images will be formatted automatically, eliminating the need for layout adjustments. This results in a professional appearance without the hassle.
• Design consistency: Prezi AI ensures that your presentation maintains a design by keeping color schemes and fonts consistent, eliminating the need to fret over discrepancies.
• Image and media integration: Enhance the appeal and engagement of your slides by adding relevant images, videos, and graphics with the help of Prezi AI smart media recommendations.
• Customizable animations: Enhance your slides with custom animations using Prezi AI to create transitions and captivate your audience. These dynamic animations can emphasize points and ensure a smooth flow throughout your presentation.

Using Prezi AI allows you to simplify the design process and craft appealing presentations, even if you lack time or design skills.

Presentation templates

Creating a presentation from scratch isn’t easy. Sometimes, it’s better to start with a template and dedicate your time to the presentation’s content. To make your life easier, here are 10 useful and stunning presentation templates that score in design and engagement. If you want to start creating with any of the following templates, simply go to our Prezi presentation template gallery , select your template, and start creating! Also, you can get inspired by the top Prezi presentations , curated by our editors. There you can discover presentation examples for a wide range of topics, and get motivated to create your own. 

Business meeting presentation

The work desk presentation templates have a simple and clean design, perfectly made for a team or business meeting. With all the topics visible from the start, everyone will be on the same page about what you’re going to cover in the presentation. If you want, you can add or remove topics as well as edit the visuals and color scheme to match your needs.

Small business presentation

This template is great for an introductory meeting or pitch, where you have to summarize what you or your business does in a few, highly engaging slides. The interactive layout allows you to choose what topic bubble you’re going to select next, so instead of a one-way interaction, you can have a conversation and ask your audience what exactly they’re interested in knowing about your company.

Mindfulness at work presentation

How can you capture employees’ attention to explain important company values or practices? This engaging presentation template will help you do just that. With a wide range of impactful visuals, this presentation design helps you communicate your ideas more effectively. 

Business review template

Make your next quarterly business review memorable with this vibrant business presentation template. With eye-capturing visuals and an engaging layout, you’ll communicate important stats and hold everyone’s attention until the end.

History timeline template

With black-and-white sketches of the Colosseum in the background, this timeline template makes history come alive. The displayed time periods provide an overview that’ll help your audience to grasp the bigger picture. After, you can go into detail about each time frame and event.

Storytelling presentation template

Share stories about your business that make a lasting impact with this stunning, customizable presentation template. To showcase each story, use the zooming feature and choose to tell your stories in whatever order you want.

Design concept exploration template

Not all meetings happen in person nowadays. To keep that face-to-face interaction even when presenting online, choose from a variety of Prezi Video templates or simply import your already-existing Prezi template into Prezi Video for remote meetings. This professional-looking Prezi Video template helps you set the tone for your meeting, making your designs stand out. 

Employee perks and benefits video template

You can use the employee benefits video template to pitch potential job candidates the perks of working in your company. The Prezi Video template allows you to keep a face-to-face connection with potential job candidates while interviewing them remotely.

Sales plan presentation template

Using a clear metaphor that everyone can relate to, this football-inspired sales plan presentation template communicates a sense of team unity and strategy. You can customize this Prezi business presentation template with your brand colors and content.

Flashcard template

How can you engage students in an online classroom? This and many other Prezi Video templates will help you create interactive and highly engaging lessons. Using the flashcard template, you can quiz your students, review vocabulary, and gamify learning.

Great presentation design examples

If you’re still looking for presentation design ideas, check out the following Prezi presentations made by our creative users.

Social media presentation

This presentation is a great example of visual storytelling. The use of visual hierarchy and spatial relationships creates a unique viewing experience and makes it easier to understand how one topic or point is related to another. Also, images provide an engaging and visually appealing experience.

Leadership books presentation

Do you want to share your learnings? This interactive presentation offers great insights in an entertaining and visually compelling way. Instead of compiling leadership books in a slide-based presentation, the creator has illustrated each book and added a zooming feature that allows you to peek inside of each book’s content.

Remote workforce presentation

This is a visually rich and engaging presentation example that offers an interactive experience for the viewer. A noteworthy aspect of this presentation design is its color consistency and matching visual elements.

A presentation about the teenage brain 

Another great presentation design example that stands out is an engaging viewing experience. The zooming feature allows the user to dive into each topic and choose what subject to view first. It’s a great example of an educational presentation that holds the students’ attention with impactful visuals and compelling transitions.

Remote work policy presentation

This presentation design stands out with its visually rich content. It depicts exactly what the presentation is about and uses the illustrated window frames in the background image as topic placements. This type of presentation design simplifies complex concepts and makes it easier for the viewer to understand and digest the information.

Everyone can create visually appealing presentations with the right tools and knowledge. With the presentation design tips, templates, and examples, you’re equipped to make your next presentation a success. If you’re new to Prezi, we encourage you to discover everything it has to offer. With this presentation design guide and Prezi, we hope you’ll get inspired to create meaningful, engaging, and memorable content for your audience!

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How to design presentations

Designing presentations isn’t easy. But with these 5 simple pieces of advice, you’ll avoid common mistakes and learn the best practices for creating great presentations. Marq makes it easy to design beautiful presentations in our intuitive online editor. Choose your slides from a lineup of professional templates, then customize the content to match your unique vision.

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Purpose of a presentation

It’s good to remember what you want your presentation to do: share information efficiently and in an aesthetically pleasing manner. But it’s also important to keep your slides from distracting your audience. Keep that in mind while you’re designing. It’s easy to get carried away, and that results in presentations that are hard to follow. Let’s look at how to avoid that.

How to make a presentation

Step 1: outline your presentation.

Before you start designing, you need to know what you’re going to say. Starting with an outline helps you get a good idea of the text you’ll be using on your slides, as well as the visuals that support your ideas. If you don’t know the information you’re going to present, it’s difficult to choose design elements that support it. So, spend some time thinking about your main points—you don’t need to get everything down, but make sure that you cover at least three main ideas for your presentation.

Step 2: Think about tone

The tone of your presentation has a strong effect on your design decisions. If you’re going for a business-like tone, for example, you might not choose a flowery theme, and you might use more jargon and complicated terms. If your presentation is going to be light, airy & funny, you need to know that up front so you can make the right decisions along the way. Don’t be afraid to use a tone that’s different from what you might think of as “normal.” Business presentations can be informal, boring subjects can be made entertaining, and experience can be shared in novel ways.

Step 3: Choose a palette

With your outline and tone figured out, you can move on to design. First, you’ll want to decide on a color palette. Choose one or two main colors, and two or three secondary colors, to use in your slides. It’s good to use the basics of color theory to mix colors (hint: Adobe’s Kuler tool is a great way to discover color combinations). And keep your tone in mind; if you’re aiming for a fun, energetic feel, warm colors will suit your presentation well. If you’re aiming for a more professional tone, blues and grays might be more appropriate.

Step 4: Emphasize one point per slide

This is where many of us go wrong. Too often, we include tons of information on each slide—and sometimes end up reading from the slide instead of speaking extemporaneously. This is a recipe for a boring and forgettable presentation. Think of slides more like your notes: each slide should focus on a single idea and contain no more than a few lines of text. This ensures that your audience focuses on you, that you focus on your audience, and that you remind yourself of the main points you’re trying to get across. Seth Godin says you should have no more than six words on a single slide. Challenge yourself to meet this guideline.

Step 5: Make it visual

Appealing to the emotions of your audience will leave a strong impression and help them to remember what you said. Words are great for inspiring emotion—but pictures are much better. We strongly recommend using professional stock photos, like those from Unsplash or Pexel. You can use other visuals, too. If you’re emphasizing the growth of a particular value or figure, a simple chart will impress upon your audience just how much growth you’re talking about. As with words, keep your graphics simple and to-the-point.

Ready to make your presentation?

Once you’ve put these items together, you’re ready to give your presentation. All that’s left to do is practice your delivery and wow your audience. Don’t forget that we have a whole gallery of professional presentation templates available for free. Simply customize the design and put in your text, and you’ll have a killer presentation in just a few minutes.

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Blog Beginner Guides How To Make a Good Presentation [A Complete Guide]

How To Make a Good Presentation [A Complete Guide]

Written by: Krystle Wong Jul 20, 2023

A top-notch presentation possesses the power to drive action. From winning stakeholders over and conveying a powerful message to securing funding — your secret weapon lies within the realm of creating an effective presentation .  

Being an excellent presenter isn’t confined to the boardroom. Whether you’re delivering a presentation at work, pursuing an academic career, involved in a non-profit organization or even a student, nailing the presentation game is a game-changer.

In this article, I’ll cover the top qualities of compelling presentations and walk you through a step-by-step guide on how to give a good presentation. Here’s a little tip to kick things off: for a headstart, check out Venngage’s collection of free presentation templates . They are fully customizable, and the best part is you don’t need professional design skills to make them shine!

These valuable presentation tips cater to individuals from diverse professional backgrounds, encompassing business professionals, sales and marketing teams, educators, trainers, students, researchers, non-profit organizations, public speakers and presenters. 

No matter your field or role, these tips for presenting will equip you with the skills to deliver effective presentations that leave a lasting impression on any audience.

Click to jump ahead:

What are the 10 qualities of a good presentation?

Step-by-step guide on how to prepare an effective presentation, 9 effective techniques to deliver a memorable presentation, faqs on making a good presentation, how to create a presentation with venngage in 5 steps.

When it comes to giving an engaging presentation that leaves a lasting impression, it’s not just about the content — it’s also about how you deliver it. Wondering what makes a good presentation? Well, the best presentations I’ve seen consistently exhibit these 10 qualities:

1. Clear structure

No one likes to get lost in a maze of information. Organize your thoughts into a logical flow, complete with an introduction, main points and a solid conclusion. A structured presentation helps your audience follow along effortlessly, leaving them with a sense of satisfaction at the end.

Regardless of your presentation style , a quality presentation starts with a clear roadmap. Browse through Venngage’s template library and select a presentation template that aligns with your content and presentation goals. Here’s a good presentation example template with a logical layout that includes sections for the introduction, main points, supporting information and a conclusion: 

2. Engaging opening

Hook your audience right from the start with an attention-grabbing statement, a fascinating question or maybe even a captivating anecdote. Set the stage for a killer presentation!

The opening moments of your presentation hold immense power – check out these 15 ways to start a presentation to set the stage and captivate your audience.

3. Relevant content

Make sure your content aligns with their interests and needs. Your audience is there for a reason, and that’s to get valuable insights. Avoid fluff and get straight to the point, your audience will be genuinely excited.

4. Effective visual aids

Picture this: a slide with walls of text and tiny charts, yawn! Visual aids should be just that—aiding your presentation. Opt for clear and visually appealing slides, engaging images and informative charts that add value and help reinforce your message.

With Venngage, visualizing data takes no effort at all. You can import data from CSV or Google Sheets seamlessly and create stunning charts, graphs and icon stories effortlessly to showcase your data in a captivating and impactful way.

5. Clear and concise communication

Keep your language simple, and avoid jargon or complicated terms. Communicate your ideas clearly, so your audience can easily grasp and retain the information being conveyed. This can prevent confusion and enhance the overall effectiveness of the message. 

6. Engaging delivery

Spice up your presentation with a sprinkle of enthusiasm! Maintain eye contact, use expressive gestures and vary your tone of voice to keep your audience glued to the edge of their seats. A touch of charisma goes a long way!

7. Interaction and audience engagement

Turn your presentation into an interactive experience — encourage questions, foster discussions and maybe even throw in a fun activity. Engaged audiences are more likely to remember and embrace your message.

Transform your slides into an interactive presentation with Venngage’s dynamic features like pop-ups, clickable icons and animated elements. Engage your audience with interactive content that lets them explore and interact with your presentation for a truly immersive experience.

8. Effective storytelling

Who doesn’t love a good story? Weaving relevant anecdotes, case studies or even a personal story into your presentation can captivate your audience and create a lasting impact. Stories build connections and make your message memorable.

A great presentation background is also essential as it sets the tone, creates visual interest and reinforces your message. Enhance the overall aesthetics of your presentation with these 15 presentation background examples and captivate your audience’s attention.

9. Well-timed pacing

Pace your presentation thoughtfully with well-designed presentation slides, neither rushing through nor dragging it out. Respect your audience’s time and ensure you cover all the essential points without losing their interest.

10. Strong conclusion

Last impressions linger! Summarize your main points and leave your audience with a clear takeaway. End your presentation with a bang , a call to action or an inspiring thought that resonates long after the conclusion.

In-person presentations aside, acing a virtual presentation is of paramount importance in today’s digital world. Check out this guide to learn how you can adapt your in-person presentations into virtual presentations . 

Preparing an effective presentation starts with laying a strong foundation that goes beyond just creating slides and notes. One of the quickest and best ways to make a presentation would be with the help of a good presentation software . 

Otherwise, let me walk you to how to prepare for a presentation step by step and unlock the secrets of crafting a professional presentation that sets you apart.

1. Understand the audience and their needs

Before you dive into preparing your masterpiece, take a moment to get to know your target audience. Tailor your presentation to meet their needs and expectations , and you’ll have them hooked from the start!

2. Conduct thorough research on the topic

Time to hit the books (or the internet)! Don’t skimp on the research with your presentation materials — dive deep into the subject matter and gather valuable insights . The more you know, the more confident you’ll feel in delivering your presentation.

3. Organize the content with a clear structure

No one wants to stumble through a chaotic mess of information. Outline your presentation with a clear and logical flow. Start with a captivating introduction, follow up with main points that build on each other and wrap it up with a powerful conclusion that leaves a lasting impression.

Delivering an effective business presentation hinges on captivating your audience, and Venngage’s professionally designed business presentation templates are tailor-made for this purpose. With thoughtfully structured layouts, these templates enhance your message’s clarity and coherence, ensuring a memorable and engaging experience for your audience members.

Don’t want to build your presentation layout from scratch? pick from these 5 foolproof presentation layout ideas that won’t go wrong. 

4. Develop visually appealing and supportive visual aids

Spice up your presentation with eye-catching visuals! Create slides that complement your message, not overshadow it. Remember, a picture is worth a thousand words, but that doesn’t mean you need to overload your slides with text.

Well-chosen designs create a cohesive and professional look, capturing your audience’s attention and enhancing the overall effectiveness of your message. Here’s a list of carefully curated PowerPoint presentation templates and great background graphics that will significantly influence the visual appeal and engagement of your presentation.

5. Practice, practice and practice

Practice makes perfect — rehearse your presentation and arrive early to your presentation to help overcome stage fright. Familiarity with your material will boost your presentation skills and help you handle curveballs with ease.

6. Seek feedback and make necessary adjustments

Don’t be afraid to ask for help and seek feedback from friends and colleagues. Constructive criticism can help you identify blind spots and fine-tune your presentation to perfection.

With Venngage’s real-time collaboration feature , receiving feedback and editing your presentation is a seamless process. Group members can access and work on the presentation simultaneously and edit content side by side in real-time. Changes will be reflected immediately to the entire team, promoting seamless teamwork.

7. Prepare for potential technical or logistical issues

Prepare for the unexpected by checking your equipment, internet connection and any other potential hiccups. If you’re worried that you’ll miss out on any important points, you could always have note cards prepared. Remember to remain focused and rehearse potential answers to anticipated questions.

8. Fine-tune and polish your presentation

As the big day approaches, give your presentation one last shine. Review your talking points, practice how to present a presentation and make any final tweaks. Deep breaths — you’re on the brink of delivering a successful presentation!

In competitive environments, persuasive presentations set individuals and organizations apart. To brush up on your presentation skills, read these guides on how to make a persuasive presentation and tips to presenting effectively . 

Whether you’re an experienced presenter or a novice, the right techniques will let your presentation skills soar to new heights!

From public speaking hacks to interactive elements and storytelling prowess, these 9 effective presentation techniques will empower you to leave a lasting impression on your audience and make your presentations unforgettable.

1. Confidence and positive body language

Positive body language instantly captivates your audience, making them believe in your message as much as you do. Strengthen your stage presence and own that stage like it’s your second home! Stand tall, shoulders back and exude confidence. 

2. Eye contact with the audience

Break down that invisible barrier and connect with your audience through their eyes. Maintaining eye contact when giving a presentation builds trust and shows that you’re present and engaged with them.

3. Effective use of hand gestures and movement

A little movement goes a long way! Emphasize key points with purposeful gestures and don’t be afraid to walk around the stage. Your energy will be contagious!

4. Utilize storytelling techniques

Weave the magic of storytelling into your presentation. Share relatable anecdotes, inspiring success stories or even personal experiences that tug at the heartstrings of your audience. Adjust your pitch, pace and volume to match the emotions and intensity of the story. Varying your speaking voice adds depth and enhances your stage presence.

5. Incorporate multimedia elements

Spice up your presentation with a dash of visual pizzazz! Use slides, images and video clips to add depth and clarity to your message. Just remember, less is more—don’t overwhelm them with information overload. 

Turn your presentations into an interactive party! Involve your audience with questions, polls or group activities. When they actively participate, they become invested in your presentation’s success. Bring your design to life with animated elements. Venngage allows you to apply animations to icons, images and text to create dynamic and engaging visual content.

6. Utilize humor strategically

Laughter is the best medicine—and a fantastic presentation enhancer! A well-placed joke or lighthearted moment can break the ice and create a warm atmosphere , making your audience more receptive to your message.

7. Practice active listening and respond to feedback

Be attentive to your audience’s reactions and feedback. If they have questions or concerns, address them with genuine interest and respect. Your responsiveness builds rapport and shows that you genuinely care about their experience.

8. Apply the 10-20-30 rule

Apply the 10-20-30 presentation rule and keep it short, sweet and impactful! Stick to ten slides, deliver your presentation within 20 minutes and use a 30-point font to ensure clarity and focus. Less is more, and your audience will thank you for it!

9. Implement the 5-5-5 rule

Simplicity is key. Limit each slide to five bullet points, with only five words per bullet point and allow each slide to remain visible for about five seconds. This rule keeps your presentation concise and prevents information overload.

Simple presentations are more engaging because they are easier to follow. Summarize your presentations and keep them simple with Venngage’s gallery of simple presentation templates and ensure that your message is delivered effectively across your audience.

1. How to start a presentation?

To kick off your presentation effectively, begin with an attention-grabbing statement or a powerful quote. Introduce yourself, establish credibility and clearly state the purpose and relevance of your presentation.

2. How to end a presentation?

For a strong conclusion, summarize your talking points and key takeaways. End with a compelling call to action or a thought-provoking question and remember to thank your audience and invite any final questions or interactions.

3. How to make a presentation interactive?

To make your presentation interactive, encourage questions and discussion throughout your talk. Utilize multimedia elements like videos or images and consider including polls, quizzes or group activities to actively involve your audience.

In need of inspiration for your next presentation? I’ve got your back! Pick from these 120+ presentation ideas, topics and examples to get started. 

Creating a stunning presentation with Venngage is a breeze with our user-friendly drag-and-drop editor and professionally designed templates for all your communication needs. 

Here’s how to make a presentation in just 5 simple steps with the help of Venngage:

Step 1: Sign up for Venngage for free using your email, Gmail or Facebook account or simply log in to access your account. 

Step 2: Pick a design from our selection of free presentation templates (they’re all created by our expert in-house designers).

Step 3: Make the template your own by customizing it to fit your content and branding. With Venngage’s intuitive drag-and-drop editor, you can easily modify text, change colors and adjust the layout to create a unique and eye-catching design.

Step 4: Elevate your presentation by incorporating captivating visuals. You can upload your images or choose from Venngage’s vast library of high-quality photos, icons and illustrations. 

Step 5: Upgrade to a premium or business account to export your presentation in PDF and print it for in-person presentations or share it digitally for free!

By following these five simple steps, you’ll have a professionally designed and visually engaging presentation ready in no time. With Venngage’s user-friendly platform, your presentation is sure to make a lasting impression. So, let your creativity flow and get ready to shine in your next presentation!

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July 23, 2024

How to create a PowerPoint presentation step by step

New to Microsoft PowerPoint? Our guide walks you through how to create a presentation in PowerPoint so you can get the ball rolling on your slideshow.

Have you been tasked with presenting a slideshow? If you have Microsoft PowerPoint and are ready to get started, we’ll walk you through how to create a PowerPoint presentation.

With two different methods, one for using Plus AI with PowerPoint and another for using PowerPoint alone, you have terrific options for building the slideshow.

Build a presentation with Plus AI for PowerPoint

If you’re looking for the simplest and quickest way to create a PowerPoint presentation, look no further than Plus AI. Using Plus AI for PowerPoint , you just pick a template, provide a description, and receive your slideshow in a snap.

• Open PowerPoint , select New on the left, and pick Blank Presentation on the right.

• Go to the Home tab, select Plus AI in the ribbon, and choose New presentation in the sidebar.

• You can then start with a template or the content per your preference.

Because Plus AI offers an attractive collection of templates , so we’ll choose the Metro design to get started.

• To add the content, pick Use a prompt , Upload a file , or Slide by slide . For our example, we choose Use a prompt to show you the power of Plus AI’s content generation.

• With the prompt option , you then simply pick the presentation type, enter a description, and let artificial intelligence create an outline for you. Optionally, pick the language, number of slides, and include Plus tips.
• Click Generate Outline to review the slides.

• When the outline displays, you can edit, rearrange, or remove slides or use the Regenerate Outline option for a fresh outline. Click Generate Slides when you’re ready.

You’ll see your new PowerPoint presentation pop right up, complete with text, images, colors, and formatting!

From there, you can change anything you like and take advantage of Plus AI’s edit features. Insert a slide, rewrite content, or remix to get a new slide layout.

Don’t forget to save your new slideshow! Go to File > Save As , pick a location, enter a filename, and hit Save .

Creating a PowerPoint presentation with Plus AI is not just a huge time-saver but can perform research to obtain the content you need, offer suggestions for expanding the slides, and add useful items like timelines and charts. Plus, you get a visually pleasing slideshow with slides that look good !

Check out Plus AI on the web for a complete list of features, to view the template gallery, and to start your free trial!

Build a presentation in the PowerPoint application

Maybe you’re new to PowerPoint and would like instructions for creating a presentation from scratch in the application instead. While it can take much longer than using Plus AI, it does give you an opportunity to learn about PowerPoint’s basic setup steps.

Open PowerPoint and move through the following sections to create your slideshow. Keep in mind that verbiage and features may vary slightly depending on your platform and PowerPoint version.

1. Create a presentation

To start a new slideshow in PowerPoint, you can begin with a blank presentation or choose a built-in Microsoft template.

Select New on the left side and pick the option you want to the right:

• Blank presentation : With a blank presentation, you start with a completely empty canvas. This allows you to pick the designs, formatting, colors, and other elements from yourself.
• Microsoft template : Using a template, you’ll receive a theme that includes slides, styles, formatting, colors, and other design elements that can give you a jumpstart on your slideshow. However, you can edit or change anything you like.

Once you have your presentation in view, it’s time to start adding the slides. For the purposes of this tutorial, we’ll use the Blank Presentation .

2. Add a slide

Regardless of the presentation type you select; you’ll receive a title slide. Add your slideshow title and optionally a subtitle. Next, you’ll add more slides.

• Go to either the Home or Insert tab and open the New Slide menu in the ribbon.
• Choose the layout you want to use for the slide. You’ll see many options that include titles, headers, content, and more. You can also pick a Blank layout to add the content yourself.
• When the slide displays, you can start inserting or adding your slide elements.

Note : When you add a new slide, it’s placed after the currently selected slide by default. But you can rearrange the slide order per your preference at any time.

3. Insert and format text

Even though a slideshow is a visual tool, you’ll almost certainly want to include text. Whether a title or subtitle, bullet or number list, or paragraphs, you can add it easily using a text box.

• To add a text box to your slide, go to the Insert tab and select Text Box in the ribbon.
• Use your cursor to draw the text box, but keep in mind that you can resize and move the box as you like.

• Enter your text inside the text box. You can use the Font section of the ribbon on the Home tab to change the font style, size, color, and format.

Tip : Check out how to apply superscript or subscript in PowerPoint !

• Shape Styles : Choose a design, pick the fill or outline color, or add an effect like a shadow or reflection.
• Arrange : Send the text box forward or back in relation to other elements, align or distribute the box, or rotate it.
• Size : Change the size of the box. Alternatively, you can drag a corner or edge of the box in or out to resize it.

You can also use the WordArt Styles section of the ribbon to spruce up the font as an alternative to the tools on the Home tab.

4. Include and format image

Another slide element you’ll likely include is an image. Whether a photo, illustration, or logo, you can add and format an image easily in PowerPoint.

• To add an image to your slide, go to the Insert tab and open the Pictures menu.
• Choose This Device , Stock Images , or Online Pictures and then follow the prompts to locate, select, and insert the image.

• Adjust : Remove the background, add an artistic effect, apply transparency , or use a correction tool.
• Picture Styles : Choose a design, pick a border, add an effect, or select a layout.
• Arrange : Send the image forward or back in relation to other elements, align or distribute the image, or rotate it.
• Size : Change the size of the image. Alternatively, you can drag a corner or edge of the image in or out to resize it.

5. Add other types of slide elements

If you want to insert other types of media or slide elements, you have many options in PowerPoint. You can add things like shapes, charts, spreadsheets, tables, videos , screen clippings, and audio .

One way to add an item is to insert a New Slide and pick a layout containing a Content box. Then, click the type of content inside that box that you want to add.

The other way to add a slide element is to use the Insert tab. You’ll see all sorts of items you can insert including those mentioned above. Simply open the corresponding menu for the item and follow the prompts.

Again, remember to save your new presentation by going to File > Save As , picking a location, entering a filename, and selecting Save .

Setting up a PowerPoint presentation isn’t necessarily difficult but does take time. So, be sure to check out the extensive and robust feature set that Plus AI has to offer for creating your presentation.

And, review some of our additional articles on giving a great presentation along with how to end a presentation so that you’re prepared when your slideshow is ready to go.

How do I begin a PowerPoint presentation?

You can start your slideshow by heading to the Slide Show tab. Pick From Beginning to start at Slide 1 or From Current Slide to start with the current active slide.

Look at our tips for how to start a presentation when the time comes!

What should be the first slide of a presentation?

Normally, the first slide is a title or cover slide. It should include the presentation topic or title and optionally a subtitle. But, you can also include an image, the company name, a brief description, or a welcome message.

How do you create a PowerPoint presentation from a Word document?

While there are common ways to transform a Word document into a PowerPoint slideshow , you can take advantage of Plus AI’s file upload tool for a quick start. On the Home tab, select Plus AI and pick New presentation in the sidebar. Pick Upload a file > Choose file and select your Word document.

Alternatively, you can use Plus AI’s free converter. Open the Convert Word to PPT page in your browser and follow the simple steps to transform your Word document.

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Presenting with Confidence (Online)

How Great Leaders Craft and Deliver Persuasive Presentations That Sell Ideas, Inspire Teams, and Build Brands

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Learn the unbreakable laws of communication that will make your next presentation engaging, attractive, and actionable.

Identify the most effective types of stories to connect with your audience.

Learn the science behind emotional, engaging, and persuasive storytelling.

Discover the three most important tactics for developing confident body language to help you present authentically in front of any type of audience.

Build a message map to pitch your idea in as little as 15 seconds (elevator pitch), or create the outline for a longer, well-crafted presentation.

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Key topics include: applying storytelling methods, creating presentation headlines, utilizing the rule of three, building multi-sensory experiences, making statistics instantly memorable, delivering authentic presentations with confidence, creating a message map around your story; learning practice methods for seamless delivery in-person or virtually. This online program includes an optional private one-on-one consultation via phone or remote video with the instructors following the program dates.

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Olympic opening ceremony drag performance resembling last supper rankles conservatives.

PARIS — The extravagant opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympics has caused fury among the populist and religious right in the United States and elsewhere, with critics especially unhappy about an apparent depiction of the Last Supper featuring drag performers.

A fashion show at the ceremony included a scene that resembled a modern re-creation of Leonardo da Vinci’s famous painting, French actor and singer Philippe Katerine appeared as the Greek god Dionysus, painted blue and wearing little more than a bunch of flowers covering his modesty.

While some fans loved this unabashed display of French camp and kitsch, others — particularly those who espouse conservative or Christian beliefs — were not happy with it.

Follow along for live coverage

“In this scene from the Olympic opening ceremony, the famous painting of The Last Supper is recreated, but Jesus is replaced with an obese woman, while queer and trans figures (including a child!) depict her apostles,” Jenna Ellis, former 2020 campaign attorney to Donald Trump, told her 1 million followers on X.

She described the ceremony as containing “overt pagan and satanic symbolism.”

Stream every moment and every medal of the 2024 Paris Olympics on Peacock .

The Last Supper refers to the final meal that Jesus Christ shared with his 12 apostles before he was crucified. It’s also a popular subject in Christian art, most famously depicted by da Vinci, who painted a scene that captured the apostles’ reaction to Jesus’ announcement of his betrayal.

Thomas Jolly, the artistic director of the opening ceremony, defended the production when asked at a news conference Saturday about some of the backlash. Jolly said he was unaware of the criticism and wanted to display “inclusion.”

“When we want to include everyone and not exclude anyone, questions are raised,” he said at an International Olympic Committee media briefing.

“Our subject was not to be subversive. We never wanted to be subversive. We wanted to talk about diversity. Diversity means being together,” he continued. “We wanted to include everyone, as simple as that. In France, we have freedom of creation, artistic freedom. We are lucky in France to live in a free country. I didn’t have any specific messages that I wanted to deliver. In France, we are republic, we have the right to love whom we want, we have the right not to be worshippers, we have a lot of rights in France, and this is what I wanted to convey.”

Kansas City Chiefs kicker Harrison Butker called the depiction “crazy” in a post on Instagram and quoted the New Testament book Epistle to the Galatians, warning that “for what things a man shall sow, those also shall he reap.” Butker sparked accusations of sexism and homophobia over a commencement speech in May in which he told a class of college graduates that one of the “most important” titles a woman can hold is homemaker.

Bishop Emmanuel Gobillard, a spokesperson representing the Holy See for the 2024 Paris Olympics, told NBC News that the depiction of the Last Supper left him “deeply hurt.”

“The fact that our religion should be mocked is usual and we are used to blasphemy in France, but the context isn’t the same,” he said. “In an event that brings together all or part of the population, I found this staging hurtful and out of place.”

Far-right French politician Marion Marechal-Le Pen said in a post on X that the performance was “not France that is speaking but a left-wing minority ready for any provocation.”

Elon Musk responded to and amplified several memes decrying the “wokeness” of the event. And Kyle Becker, a former Fox News producer with more than half a million X followers, said the Games had “gone full Woke dystopian.”

This ignited debates, held in varying levels of good faith, on social media.

The British writer and broadcaster David Aaronovitch was among those to point out that the Last Supper has been “pastiched, parodied and altered tens of thousands of times” since da Vinci painted it in the 1490s.

Nonetheless, Bishop Robert Barron, of the Diocese of Winona-Rochester, in Minnesota, asked his 280,000 X followers: “Would they ever have dreamed of mocking in this gross, public way, a scene from the quran?” He responded that “we all know the answer.”

French freedom of expression has not been aimed solely at one religion, however. In 2015, gunmen killed 12 people to avenge controversial cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad in an attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo. The publication even republished the controversial caricatures five years later to mark the start of the attackers’ trial.

This “deeply secular postmodern society knows who its enemy is, they are naming it, and we should believe them,” Barron said in a video message. “We Christians, we Catholics should not be sheepish. We should resist. We should make our voices heard.”

Alexander Smith reported from Paris and Minyvonne Burke reported from Pittsburgh

Alexander Smith is a senior reporter for NBC News Digital based in London.

Minyvonne Burke is a senior breaking news reporter for NBC News.

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InfoQ Homepage Presentations LIquid: a Large-Scale Relational Graph Database

LIquid: a Large-Scale Relational Graph Database

Scott Meyer discusses LIquid, the graph database built to host LinkedIn, serving a ~15Tb graph at ~2M QPS.

Scott Meyer has 40 years of adventures in software: computer graphics, networking, GUI application development, object-oriented databases, a Java language implementation and now he has settled on graph databases. He led the storage team at Metaweb. In 2014 he moved to LinkedIn to start a next-generation relational graph database project called LIquid.

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Meyer: Peter Boncz is one of the preeminent database researchers on the planet. He basically gave the modern shared nothing column store its form. This is him being somewhat critical of graph database systems. I'm a graph database implementer, so a little bit nervous making. This is a great talk if you're a database person. However, it's quite technical, so I thought I would unpack it a little bit for you guys. How many people out here have teenage children? A graph database is like teenage sex. They're all talking about it. Some of them are doing it. The ones who are doing it are not doing a very good job. I'm here as your own graph database teenager.

I'm going to talk about LIquid. LIquid is a relational graph database that we built at LinkedIn, runs about 2 million QPS. It's a pretty standard, large-scale Silicon Valley database system. As is usual with these things, I didn't build this by myself. I have a wonderful and talented team of probably 40 people now who make this thing a reality. I'm shamelessly going to claim credit for their work.

Browsing a Large Graph

First question is, why did LinkedIn build a graph database? The recruiter who brought me to LinkedIn, explained LinkedIn to me. He said, the magic of LinkedIn is in the second degree. Your first degree, all your connections, you already know who they are, like you have your Rolodex and your email. It's not very valuable. Your second degree is all of the connections that you could have, but maybe don't yet. Maybe your next job is in your first degree, maybe you'll go work with a friend, but probably your next job is in your second degree. What we're doing fundamentally, when we're looking at LinkedIn is we're browsing a large graph, and we're figuring out what about that graph is interesting to us. Here's some of the stuff that comes out of the graph database. You notice, these are all second degree connections. What about a graph is interesting to me? It's some sort of second degree connection, like maybe we worked at the same employer, maybe we went to the same school, maybe we know some of the same people.

Graph Workloads

This is just one of three graph workloads. What we're doing is graph serving. Database people would call this as complex OLTP. What we're doing is we're browsing a graph, this is the predominant application workload. Even things like PowerPoint or Word, what they're doing is they're browsing a graph of stuff almost all the time. You do a little bit of editing. The important thing about serving is we need to work in human real time, like about a quarter of a second. Let it be half a second, but it's got to be like that fast. You can also do graph analytics. Database people would just say complex OLAP, or maybe just OLAP. Where you have an analyst typing in a query, and they're happy to wait for a few minutes, or maybe they're running a dashboard, and it runs once an hour and comes up with a graph for somebody to look at. There, we're looking at something that scans a whole bunch of the graph and summarizes it. It's going to take minutes probably. Then there's a third workload, which is graph computation, things like Page Rank, Bellman-Ford, where I want to run an algorithm over the whole graph. These things typically take minutes or even hours, depending on the size of the graph and the algorithm. What we're doing is just graph serving.

Handy rule of thumb in software development, never invent something that's in a textbook. All of the background for this talk and this product is basically textbook computer science, literally. Specifically, the relational model and datalog. This is actually the real textbook that we use as a reference on the team.

Relational Graph Data

Relational graph data, I'm going to throw some SQL at you. I'll speak it slowly. Basically, relational graph data is two tables. I have a table of vertices. This is just mapping strings to integers, that's all it's doing. A vertex is represented by a string. Inside the database we'd like to represent it with a fixed length integer. That's what this does. Now the exciting part, I have a table of edges. An edge is just three vertices. This is a compound primary key. The edge, you specify it by value, and it either exists or it doesn't exist. Very simple. Pause right here, this is like 90% of the content of this talk right here. It just so happens, like a lot of things in software, that the remaining 10% of the talk will take the other 90% of the time. Let's look at some graph data. What we're talking about is basically just three columns of integers like this. I've shown these guys, if this was a normal SQL database, they'd be sorted like this because of the primary key constraint. Let's think a bit about what it's going to be like to work with this. Suppose you start with a bunch of things, and you want to transform them, you want to navigate through an edge, one edge for each thing, or multiple edges for each thing. You notice the things are all sorted, and the subjects are all sorted, so this is great. We do a merge join. What we get in the output is no longer sorted, it's not even a set. If we were doing a complex query, where we do multiple hops through a path, we would have to resort this thing in order to keep on going, or do random access. There's another aspect to this. This is really small, but any real database, the edge does not contain a lot of information, so you're going to have a lot of edges, think a trillion edges. I said our workload is browsing, so I have to produce a screen full of data for someone to look at. I have to do this in about a quarter of a second. What I can tell you then, is, if I only have a quarter of a second, and I'm looking at a trillion things, I can't actually scan very many things. Maybe I can scan a few hundred thousand, maybe a million things, a million edges. We're very limited in the amount of data that we can have as an intermediate result, just by the nature of the domain. Now think about it like, so I have an intermediate result, it's just going to be a bunch of edges. Everything is edges. I have some intermediate result. It's got like 100,000 things in it. I'm doing a lookup into a table of a trillion things. It's just incredibly improbable that a page that I read for one thing would contain the answer for the next thing. Just by the law of large numbers, what you're doing when you work with graph data is random access. The key insight here is we're doing random access at scale. There's absolutely no way around this. The index structures that we're using are hash tables. The performance domain that we're working in, we're going to be counting L3 cache misses, because we're doing random access into memory. The entire graph is held in hash tables in memory.

Why only 3 things? Why not 2, why not 4? Seems like an arbitrary choice. The first reason, it's tractable to index everything, like 3 factorial a 6, 6x is a reasonable write amplification if you're careful. We can just index everything and say, edges are fast, there's no create index. They're just uniformly fast, they deliver random access. That's a guarantee that we can make. That's super handy. Second of all, as subject, predicate, object would lead you to believe, this is how people encode knowledge. We are building database machinery that deals with knowledge the way people like to encode it, which seems like it ought to be a good idea. There's a subset of people, computer programmers, and they like to use structs and pointers when they're building a model of the world in an application. Because the whole point of having a database is to build applications with it. Let's go look at that world a little bit. You have a triple, like Herman Melville wrote Moby Dick, just the fact. If you're an application programmer, you're probably going to model this as like, I have a struct author, and here's the one for Herman Melville. He wrote a book. He could have written many books so there's a vector right there. Then, one of the books that he wrote is Moby Dick. Similarly, the Moby Dick structure, it's a book. Books were written by an author, and there's the author. When you're programming with structs, and pointers, what you're really doing is you're working with a hand-built inverted index of the underlying relation.

Some good news, this is just a relational database, we can do this with SQL. We have a much better syntax. Interestingly, it's been sitting there in a textbook for 30 years, it's datalog. This datalog that you see on the screen is the same query that the SQL was doing. You see, it has a natural decomposition into rules. It's a basic social graph type of a thing. I'm looking for employers and skills of friends of friends, employers and skills in my second degree. These are datalog rules. In datalog, anything with a period is a statement of fact. In our datalog, the only thing you can assert is an edge at the bottom. Everything is assertions with edges. Here I'm saying, user 1, their name is Scott. Pretty straightforward. Anything with a question mark is a query. Underbar is a variable, which just means, I'm different from all other variables. Every underbar is different. All you're doing here is you're asking, what is the name of user 1? Pretty simple. I can define a rule, like, here's a rule called named. The rule just evaluates the right-hand side, same sort of thing. I can ask, who has this name? Or, what is the name of this thing? Just by supplying different variable bindings. A cool thing that you can do with datalog and edges is you can say, user 1, what's up with that? Like all the inbound edges on user 1. This is a very typical first step, when you're exploring a new database with a schema that you're not familiar with. You find something that you know, typically yourself, and then you go explore just by looking at the inbound edges. It's something that's very difficult to do in SQL.

Our two-table representation actually lost some valuable information. We need to add this information back. We're going to do this by formally defining predicates. Here's a rule called DefPred. You have to use DefPred to introduce the predicate. This is a predicate for title, like the title of a book, and what the definition says. Says, the subject side, a book only has one title, so it's cardinality 1. The type of a book, it's just a node. On the object side, there's a string, a UTF-8 string, so our type is a string. Of course, many books can have the same title, so 0 meaning unlimited cardinality. All you have to do to start using a new predicate is put this DefPred in, and then you can immediately start using it. For example, book 1 title is Moby Dick. The predicate itself is just a node in the graph like any other node, so you can add your own metadata to predicates. For example, here I'm saying there's a kind of a predicate that's like a name like thing. A title is like a name. Name is like a name. I'm going to identify these as being of type Known As, just writing edges in. Now I can ask queries like this. What we're saying is there's a thing, u:1, I don't know much else about it. It's referred to by an edge with some kind of a predicate. The kind of predicate is anything referred to by an edge with the type Known As. I'm able to define what a name like thing is, and I'm able to ask for it in a query. If you look at what an application does, very often this is exactly what they need. I have a little card, it has a name, it has a picture, and so forth. I use this to display anything. I don't care. As long as it has a name, and a picture, and maybe some descriptive text. That's predicates.

N-Ary Relationships

We're not quite done yet, because the predicate is a simple binary relationship. Most relationships in the real world are not simple binary relationships. Let me give you some examples. Grammar is more than subject, predicate, and object. Here are some real relationships that are not subject, predicate, and object. You work for a company, that's employer, employee, and a start date. If I don't have the start date, then I can't represent a common situation in the world where you work for a company, and then you quit and you go work for another company. Then you quit and you go back and work for the first company. That's actually a super important piece of data. LinkedIn calls this a boomerang. Similarly, a marriage, spouse, spouse, start date. You have people like Elizabeth Taylor, who are married a lot, sometimes to the same people. Again, if you want to model the data, you need more than a binary relationship. Another one, actor, role, and film, endorser, endorsee, skill. N-Ary relationships happen all over the place. We need support for these guys in a graph database. One more thing, a lot of relationships have attributes that describe them that are not part of the identity, like a super common one in our world is a score. This relationship exists, but how important is it? Herman Melville wrote a book, but what's his most important book? Which one should you show first? Other things might be like a stop date, or maybe a title, something like that.

The basic intuition here is like, if I have an edge, and my edge traversal is fast, then it's not really objectionable just to add an extra hop. If going across one edge is going to cost you two L3 cache misses, going across two is going to cost you four. That's not outrageous. Honestly represents the structure here. Your big question is, what do I use for the identity of this central node? If I just make one up, now this N-Ary relationship doesn't behave like an edge, you can get duplicates. If you have duplicates, then you might add interesting data to the wrong one. It's not really an effective way to work. We can actually solve this problem. We're just going to have a function which generates us a string, which is the identity of the central node. You can read the string and get how this works. Like, I'm going to take all pairs of object and predicate, and I'm going to sort them. That's the identity of this hub node. Once we figure out that, the way edges work, now N-Ary relationships work just like edges, so we get this for free. You can annotate. You can do anything you want with a central node. It's just a node, it's not going to bite anybody. You can put whatever data you want on there. The data is just edges, we don't need to come up with some fancy schema to talk about this stuff. LIquid does what we call compound predicates. This is just the syntax of that working.

What is this thing that we built? This has been known to relational database types for a long time. I think in the '70s, Peter Chen came up with this notion of Entity-Relationship modeling. This thing that we've come up with is just a relationship table. It says, there's a compound primary key of actor, role, and film. Then you have some attribute columns, whatever you want. This thing that we invented is actually completely normal, well understood 40-year-old SQL. There's a nice bonus that you get out of this. Suppose we wanted to do a symmetric relationship, like a mutual friend. You'd start off in SQL. It's like, I have two friends, like friend1 and friend2. Now I have Bob and Jane, they're mutual friends. Is it Bob and Jane, or is it Jane and Bob? There are two different ways to represent that. Pretty quickly, you're going to reach for your PL/SQL hammer, and you're going to say, friend1 has got to be less than friend2. That's the way we know the identity of the mutual friendship. If we're in this N-Ary relationship world, what I'd observe is like, if you just had two friend edges, it's in fact structurally perfectly symmetrical. The structure expresses exactly what we want to express. Furthermore, our little algorithm for generating the primary key works exactly right. We sorted the predicates of the same Bob sorts ahead of Jane, so now we have a primary key. That's pretty cool. This is actually something SQL can't do. Here's a little bit of datalog. I'm showing you, I'm asserting the edge twice in both different orders. At the end, I ask for the inbound edge as Bob. You can see there's only one inbound edge. There's just a unique mutual friendship.

OODB/Ontologies

A question you might ask here is like, what about nodes? We've only talked about edges. That's on purpose. Nodes are just immutable strings, like they're primary keys. They represent entities. That's it. Sometimes they parse. You could have a node that's like 7, 7 has a meaning as like an integer. When we give that node a type like int, it just means I want something that parses as an integer. A question is like, why not more? Why don't we put a bunch more stuff inside our node? If you have something that has node properties, a question to ask is like, why even have edges? I can have a node be like an author and another node be like a book, and the book would have a little vector of author identities in there. Why not just do stuff like that? We tried this back in the '90s. I was I was involved with this, OODBs. They don't work very well. In this world, say, we have a person. That's a base class, people have a name or something like that. Then we have a person who's an author, that's a subclass. We're just working on structure extension here, subclassing. No one could object to that. What if I have a person who's an editor? I can solve it the same way. What if I have a person who's an editor and an author? Now I have a problem, because either I figure out some multiple inheritance thing, which never worked very well. Or, I have two different identities, two different structs, one for person as an author, and one for person as an editor. Equality doesn't work the way you think it ought to work. It gets worse. Like, you're making an ontological assumption that all authors are people. That's not actually the case. Back in my history, starting with graph databases, worked at Metaweb, kept discovering that the Beatles, a rock group, were getting typed as a person. We were trying to do an inheritance-based type system, we said, an author that's a subclass of a person. It turns out the Beatles authored a book, like there are books in the world. They have a title and a name, and the author's name says the Beatles. It's a fact. I'm not making this up. This is Amazon right now. The notion that you're going to have a single ontology that is going to support everything is really badly broken. There's another interesting problem with it, which is, the root of your hierarchy becomes a gigantic single point of failure. You do some clever editing up at the root, and suddenly two-thirds of your database just disappears. The nice thing about the graph structure is it doesn't care, like we're just recording facts. The triples don't need to have a particular order of structure fields, they just exist. They don't do anybody any harm. Authors, editors, astronauts, all can cluster around the same identity without any conflict at all. That's the data model.

Query Evaluation

I want to talk a little bit about query evaluation, just a couple details. The first problem is cross-products. The second problem is static planning. These are both endemic to SQL. Worst case, optimal joins. Super interesting, big line topic. You can go search for that on Google Scholar or something, and read about it. It's very relevant to a social graph, kind of a workload. Let's look at a cross-product. I'm going to use a predicate like knows, A knows B, B knows A, so there's an edge. Now I'm going to define a rule that's bidirectional. I just ask, knows x, y is either x knows y, or y knows x. I'm going to say, show me who knows who in the whole database? I get two results, A knows B, and B knows A. The simplest cross-product that I could come up with. If I look at the edges, there's this one edge. Why is this a big deal? We're doing complex queries. We're doing complex queries of many to many relationships. Every time you introduce a cross-product, you're multiplying the size of your result by some constant factor, 2, 3, 5, 10, something like that. It's really easy to get results that are 100 times the size of the actual edges, if you're doing a complex query. Why do we care? Inside the database, we do lots of clever stuff to avoid materializing cross-products, because it's really hard. If you have n times m things, you wind up doing n times m work, and that turns out to be slow. A key point here is like, the application has exactly the same problem. They don't want to do n times m work, either.

How does this play out? What we need is a subgraph return. Typically, in SQL, SQL only returns you a single table. A subgraph return, I just want to return multiple tables. You can think of this as, I want to return one row in every relationship table that matched. I can stitch this stuff together. It's a relational algebra tree, like what we have inside a SQL engine. Really, I only need two things in the tree. I need cross-products and I need outer joins. If you're processing this data as an application developer, you're building up a graph of people and skills and employers. You're going to have some sort of a loop where you say, person 23, do I have one for that? No. I'm going to make one. Skill 7, do I have one for those? I'm going to create one. The struct for 23 is going to point at the struct for 7 in the correct offset. That thing that you're doing with the hash table lookup to see if you have one, that's an outer join. That's all it is. It's nothing mysterious.

Dynamic planning. Let's look at a really simple query. This is graph distance is 3. It's very relevant to our workload. It's just three hops. A is connected to B is connected to C. That's all it is. I want to know if Alice is 3 hops from Bob. There are only four possible plans in a sequential world. I can go left, left, left from Alice. I can go left, left, right. I can go left, right, right, or I can go right, right, right. It's the only ways you can do this query. None of these plans are optimal for all data. We're doing self-joins, all of our statistics to our statistics, each edge constraint in this query looks identical. They're all the same. What makes them different is like what data is in the graph. An observation here is, unlike in a sorted storage world, in a hash table storage world, our set sizes are available in constant time. I can do a hash lookup, and I can know how big the set that I'm going to read is. If I'm storing stuff in a B-tree, like I B search to find the beginning of it, and then I have to B search to find the end, or I can just scan it. It's far more expensive to find out how big a set is.

What does this look like? We just hand coded the four plans. You can see them on the chart there. You can see there's this scallopy thing with four scallops. That's where each plan is optimal. The dynamic plan, you can see it's not quite as good as perfectly optimal, because it costs you a little bit to figure out how to use it. We're going to say, how big is the fanout from Bob? How big is the fanout from Alice? Pick the smaller one, expand that. Did that get super huge? We have to do some work to figure things out. We can do that work. It's tractable to do that work in this indexing domain. You get a query evaluation performance that is pretty close to optimal in all four domains.

What is a Graph Database?

What I want to leave you with is a formal definition for what a graph database is. Graph database is an implementation of the relational model with four properties. All relationships are equal, everything is an edge. If you think about like a typical SQL database, if you're a relationship that is in one table, you're first class. It's super nice, like I do a B search, I get the row, and I have this whole relationship right there basically for free. If you're a relationship that exists across tables, like I have to do a join, you're really second class. Joining is super slow, so second class that way. Semantically, SQL doesn't really keep track of what joins were intended by the user. SQL will happily say, yes, you're joining depth and fathoms to degree Celsius. Probably ok. In the graph database, everything is an edge, and the edge is exactly what the user intended. Those are the joins that the user intended. If everything is going to be an edge, you're going to have a lot of edges, it better be fast. If it's not constant time, and fast, and by that I mean three L3 cache misses, as your database gets bigger, your performance gets slower. Ultimately, it's not going to be worthwhile having a big graph. You want a smaller graph that performs better. That turns into harder to manage. Query results are a subgraph. If I'm going to have a big graph with a lot of edges, I want to ask complex queries of it. I need to return structured results that the application actually wants to consume. Lastly, schema change is constant time. If you think of it like a general model for a serving system, it's a materialized view. Like I did some fancy query. Then, when you ask something, I just look up a row, and give it back to you. What we're saying with this is, no, you can't heat. I need to be able to show up with a new predicate and just start using it at full speed. This can't turn into any kind of like ALTER TABLE fire drill underneath the surface in the implementation. That's my proposed definition for a graph database. Clearly, I disagree with a lot of the world. We'll see how that turns out.

Graph Database vs. SQL, RDF, and Property Graphs

I want to do a brief comparison walkthrough. First of all, versus SQL. There's no denormalization. A graph is perfectly normalized. It is in fifth normal form. You can't express denormalization. There are no nulls or trinary logic. Edges either exist or they don't. If you introduce an unbound variable, we're going to force you to give it a binding. If you have a default quantity, you get to decide, is it 0? Is it min int? Is it max int? Is it 1? Depends which is appropriate. Depends on what you're doing with it. We force you to make that decision explicitly, so now there's no trinary logic, which is a big pain. We can do constrain through the predicate. In SQL, a predicate is typically a column, roughly. You're welcome to use the catalog table, but it's hard to use the catalog table meaningfully in a query. Typically, to do something like this in SQL, you need to query the catalog, figure it out, and then you generate another SQL query. Constraining through the predicate is like, this predicate is a name like thing. You can explore all the incident edges on any entity. You have a ticker symbol, (MSFT) Microsoft, it's in the graph somewhere. You can go start exploring. You can do symmetric relationships. You have subgraph results.

RDF, the relational model, that's pretty cool. It's been 40 years, we've had 20 years of NoSQL. There really isn't much of a contender. We did not invent a query language. I highly recommend that. We have a much simpler edge. We have first class schema that is much simpler than OWL. You've seen all the moving pieces in the schema in this talk. We can do N-Ary relationships. We can do symmetric relationships. We have composable rules. Lastly, versus property graphs. Relational model. Didn't invent a query language. We have a first-class schema for everything. You can constrain through the predicate. There's no separate property schema. Everything is just edges. There's no OO node problems, so we just make the decision for you. You can't put any stuff in a node, just use edges. N-Ary relationships, again, super common. Composable rules.

Single-Query Applications

What's the future here? A lot of people think that the future of data is big graphs. If the future of data is big graphs, then I think the future of applications is big queries. You ought to be able to say, here's all the data that I want to put on a page, here's a description of it, go get it for me. Even if I need to do this, I'm doing thousands of joins in human real time.

Questions and Answers

Participant 1: There is a feature in [inaudible 00:45:25] where you can have a representation like, I am 80% good in Java, and we'll be doing JavaScript or something like that. How do you have that built in these edges?

Meyer: You would have a compound relationship with a skill, so you have that hop in the middle. Then you just add a score edge, whatever you want, a floating point, or an integer score.

Anand: Do you put any limits on fanout, either on the query edge part or in the representation?

Meyer: There are no limits on the fanout. Naturally in a social graph, you're going to experience skew. I don't have very many followers, a few hundred. Bill Gates has 20 million followers. That's not a normal distribution, it'd be a ZIP distribution. That's a benefit of the graph representation is you can represent stuff like that. The implication is, your query eval better be able to deal with skew. If you have a bunch of people, and you're looking at the fanout from followers, it might be 200, 700, 900, 200, 20 million. When you get to 20 million, probably time for a different query plan.

Participant 2: I want to understand, in what use cases will you manage to use graph database. We maybe have different options or approaches there, like GraphQL or big data, which also help us to search faster with [inaudible 00:47:33] of the data joins. Each may have its pros and cons, like for graph database basically we're looking for failing use cases that these could be the optimal approach.

Meyer: What are the use cases? What are the pros and cons? For the data model itself, for how to model data, I don't think there are pros and cons. I think the graph is just better. It's isomorphic to entity relationships. If you wanted to do normalized entity relationship data modeling in SQL, that's great. It turns right into a graph. For querying, obviously, it really just depends on the workload. The observation I'd make is serving is a new workload. People typically handle this with a cache in front of a conventional database. Really, the difference between a cache and an index is just the index is complete. It has some consistency properties that you can state, whereas the cache is just whatever the application put in there. If you have an Object Relational Mapper, it's running a cache of objects. I think that's pretty undesirable. I think indexing is much better. There's no warmup time. You know how much things are going to cost. It's immediately usable at full speed. The previous system at LinkedIn was a cache system. The current system, LIquid, is uncached. The SREs love that.

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Recorded at:

Jun 07, 2024

Scott Meyer

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