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History of Kursk

11th century, first mention.

Although archaeological evidence suggests that there was a large settlement in the location of Kursk before the 8th Century, Kursk was first mentioned in 1032 in the Hagiography of St Theodosius (Feodosi) of the Kiev-Caves, who grew up in Kursk which was by then already a large, developed and important city. In approximately 1095 Izyaslav Vladimirovich, a son of Vladimir Monomakh, became the first prince of Kursk although he only ruled there for a year as shortly afterwards he was elevated to prince of Murom. However Prince Izyalslav had enough time to build a fortress in Kursk, making the settlement one of the strongest on the borders of Kievan Rus.

12th Century

Princes of kursk.

As only a minor principality, the Kursk Principality did not always have its own prince and never had its own dynasty of Ryurikid princes. The principality often passed between the various factions of Ryurikid princes during this period of time when internecine wars were common. In 1127 Vsevolod Olgovich took Chernigov from his uncle. To stop Mstislav the Great interfering in this conflict Vsevolod gave him Kursk and the surrounding lands. In turn Mstislav the Great made his son Izyaslav prince of Kursk. Izyaslav Mstislavich ruled as prince of Kursk until 1130 when he became prince of Polotsk. The Olgovichy princes were able to regain Kursk in 1136 : Gleb Olgovich ruled Kursk up to his death in the city in 1138 and was followed by his younger brother Svyatoslav Olgovich who ruled in Kursk until 1139 when he returned to be prince of Novgorod. In 1146 Svyatoslav Olgovich became prince of Novgorod-Seversky, which included Kursk. Svyatoslav gave Kursk to Ivan Yurievich, son of his ally Yuri Dolgoruky. Ivan Yurievich died in 1147 and Svyatoslav gave the principality to Ivan's younger brother Gleb who ruled in Kursk until 1148 .

Tale of Prince Igor's Campaign

In 1161 Kursk once again had its own prince - Oleg Svyatoslavich, son of Svyatoslav Olgovich. Oleg ruled in Kursk until 1164 when he became prince of Novgorod-Seversky. Oleg's brother Vsevolod succeeded him in Kursk. Vsevolod Svyatoslavich was known as Vsevolod Bui-Tur, meaning something along the lines of Mighty Bull. As his sobriquet suggests he was known for his bravery in dealing with the Cumans (Polovtsians). In 1185 Prince Igor of Novgorod-Seversky led an unsuccessful campaign against the Cumans which is the subject of the famous 12th-century Tale of Prince Igor's Campaign. Prince Vsevolod Bui-Tur accompanied his brother on the campaign and also features as one of the heroes in the tale. Vsevolod Bui-Tur remained prince of Kursk until his death in 1196 .

13th Century

Mongol-tatar invasion of rus.

After Vsevolod Bui-Tur's death in 1196 , it is unclear who became prince of Kiev. It is possible that he was succeeded by his nephew Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsk. In 1223 a Prince Oleg of Kursk participated in the Battle of River Kalka against the Mongols, Prince Oleg was a descendent of Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich of Novgorod-Seversky, possibly the son of Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsk. After Prince Oleg, information on the princes of Kursk is unclear. In any case the principality came to an end in 1238 when Kursk was destroyed during the Mongol-Tatar Invasion of Rus. Later Kursk was once again devastated by Mongol-Tatar forces in response to the citizens of Kursk rising up against the Mongol representative there.

14th and 15th Centuries

The Mongol-Tatar Invasion significantly weakened Russian territories and Grand Duke Algirdas of Lithuania took advantage of this situation. In the 1350s Algirdas managed to capture the Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky lands, including Kursk, and incorporated them into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Kursk would remain part of Lithuania up until the beginning of the 16th century. In 1402 Kursk is mentioned as a Lithuanian city in an agreement between Lithuania and the Teutonic Order. Throughout the 15th century the city was raided by Crimean Tatars and the Nogais.

16th Century

Russian-lithuanian wars.

The Russian-Lithuanian War of 1500 - 1503 was very successful for Russia which gained control of one-third of Lithuanian territory, including Kursk. After the Russian-Lithuanian War of 1507 - 1508 a peace treaty was signed between Russia and Lithuania under which Grand Duke Sigismund I the Old of Lithuania recognised the territory won by Grand Prince Ivan III of Rus during the 1500 - 1503 war as territory of Russia. In 1597 Tsar Fyodor I had a new fortress constructed in Kursk to protect it from Crimean Tatar raids.

17th Century

Znamensky monastery.

Kursk was one of the first cities to declare its support of the First False Dmitri in 1604 . When Dmitri was in Kursk he demanded the Our Lady of the Kursk Root Icon be brought to him and later he took it with him to Moscow. In 1612 Polish interventionists began besieging the Kursk fortress. The defenders refused to surrender even though the situation looked hopeless. Legend has it they made an oath to build a monastery should the Virgin Mary protect them. Several weeks later the siege was lifted and the fortress did not fall. The defenders immediately began to fulfil their oath and built a wooden church dedicated to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. In approximately 1615 , Tsar Michael returned the Our Lady of the Kursk Root Icon to the nearby Korennaya Hermitage and in 1618 the icon was transferred to a newly established monastery in Kursk. It remained in Kursk thereafter only returning to the Korennaya Hermitage on annual religious processions. In 1649 on the orders of Tsar Michael a new  stone cathedral was built especially to house the icon and from this point onwards the monastery became known as the Znamensky monastery.

18th Century

Administrative reform.

In 1708 Kursk became part of the Kiev Governorate and in 1727 part of the Belgorod Governorate. In 1779 it was elevated to the administrative centre of the Kursk Viceroyalty. A coat of arms was officially approved for the city in 1780 which depicts three partridges flying on a blue strip on a silver background. In 1781 there was a major fire in Kursk and subsequently a new general plan was adopted for the city. Kursk became the administrative centre of the  in 1797 .

19th Century

Our lady of the kursk root icon and religious processions.

In the mid-19th century the religious procession with the Our Lady of the Kursk Root Icon from Kursk's Znamensky Monastery to the nearby Korennaya Hermitage became one of the biggest religious events in the empire and tens of thousands of people took part in it. In 1883 the artist Ilya Repin depicted this religious procession in his famous painting in which he shows the various social strata in Russia at the time. In 1898 an anarchist placed a bomb in the Our Lady of the Sign Cathedral of the Znamensky Monastery under the Our Lady of the Kursk Root Icon. The explosion caused great damage to the cathedral but when the priest found the silver case of the icon in the rubble, he discovered that the icon itself has miraculously survived.

20th Century

In 1917 Soviet power was declared in Kursk, but the volunteer army of General Anton Denikin briefly occupied the city from September to November 1919 when the Soviets retook the city. When Denikin's army left Kursk they took with them the Our Lady of the Kursk Root Icon, which was eventually taken to the USA where it remains today. In 1934 Kursk became the centre of the newly-established Kursk Region.

Second World War

On 29 August 1941 Kursk experienced its first bombing raid by the Luftwaffe and on 1 November 1941 the city was attacked. Kursk fell two days later on 3 November 1941 and was only liberated on 8 February 1943 by the 60th army of the Voronezh Front. The liberation of Kursk resulted in what is known as the Kursk Salient - a Soviet-controlled bulge on the frontline around the city. It was obvious to the Soviets that soon Hitler would launch an attempt to recapture the city. Marshal Zhukhov was among those who argued that the Red Army should go on the defensive and only once the Nazis had been exhausted should they launch a counter-attack. This proved to be a successful tactic and at the Battle of the Kursk Salient, which was fought between 5 July to 23 August 1943 , the Soviets were victorious, although at a very high cost. The Battle of Prokhorovka (often also called the Battle of Kursk) took place during the Battle of the Kursk Salient in Prokhorovka outside Belgorod and was the largest tank battle in history. After the Battle of the Kursk Salient, the Nazis remained on the defensive for the rest of the war.

21st Century

After the fall of the Soviet Union, many of Kursk's churches were once again reopened.  This included the Znamensky Monastery and the new century saw the religious procession from the monastery to the Korennaya Hermitage being revived and gaining in popularity.  In 2007 Kursk was awarded the title of City of Military Glory for the “courage, endurance and mass heroism, demostrated by defenders of the city in the struggle for the freedom and independence of the Motherland”.

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Kursk Oblast

Natural resources

Flora and fauna, administrative divisions, demographics, agriculture, transportation, external links.

The territory of Kursk Oblast has been populated since the end of the last ice age . Slavic tribes of the Severians inhabited the area. From 830 the current Kursk Oblast was part of the Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus' states. The oldest towns in the region are Kursk and Rylsk , first mentioned in 1032 and 1152, [10] respectively, both capitals of small medieval eponymous duchies. [11] [10] In the 13th century, the region was conquered by the Mongol Empire .

In the 15th century it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under the Jagiellonian dynasty. It was lost in the 16th-century Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars to the Grand Duchy of Moscow . A real growth of the area around Kursk began soon after that, with a large migration from Central Russia after the Russian famine of 1601–1603 . The region was affected by Crimean–Nogai slave raids in the 16th and 17th centuries. The current southwestern outskirts of the oblast with the town of Sudzha were part of Sloboda Ukraine and populated by Ukrainians since the mid-17th century. [12] Between 1708 and 1719, Kursk was part of the newly created Kiev Governorate . From 1719 to 1727, it was a part of Belgorodsky Uyezd of Kiev Governorate. From 1727, Kursky Uyezd was part of Belgorod Governorate . [13] On 23 May 1779, Kursk Governorate was established.

During World War I , in 1918, it was the site of fights of Ukrainians and Germans against Russia. In 1918, the western portion of the current Kursk Oblast with the towns of Rylsk and Sudzha was part of the Ukrainian State . [11] Korenevo was the place of signing of a ceasefire between the Ukrainian State, Germany and Soviet Russia in May 1918. Kursk was the place of establishment of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine , and Sudzha was its first seat in November-December 1918. [14] Sudzha remained part of Soviet Ukraine until 1922. [15]

The Kursk Governorate existed until 1928, when the territory of Kursk Governorate became a part of Central Black Earth Oblast . As Central Chernozem Oblast was very large its administration was very difficult, on 13 June 1934 it was divided into two oblasts: Kursk Oblast and Voronezh Oblast. [ citation needed ] In the period between 1934 and 1954, oblasts' borders were frequently adjusted. However, the area and borders of the oblast have remained stable from 1954.

During World War II , the territory of Kursk Oblast was occupied by German troops from the autumn of 1941 until the summer of 1943. The Battle of Kursk , which was one of the major battles of World War II, took place in the region between 5 July 1943 and 23 August 1943.

The territory of Kursk Oblast was the region in which the 4th leader of the Soviet Union , Nikita Khrushchev , was born.

In August 2024, Ukrainian forces crossed the border into Kursk Oblast during the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine resulting in part of the oblast becoming under Ukrainian occupation . [16] [17]

Kursk Oblast is bordered by Bryansk Oblast to the north-west (border length: 120   km (75   mi) ), Oryol Oblast to the north ( 325   km (202   mi) ), Lipetsk Oblast to the north-east ( 65   km (40   mi) ), Voronezh Oblast to the east ( 145   km (90   mi) ), Belgorod Oblast to the south ( 335   km (208   mi) ), and Sumy Oblast of Ukraine to the west ( 245   km (152   mi) ).

It occupies the southern slopes of the middle-Russian plateau. The surface is hilly and intersected by ravines . The central part of the oblast is more elevated than the Seym river valley in the west. The average elevation is 177–225   m (581–738   ft) and the Timsko-Shchigrinsky ridge contains the highest point at 288   m (945   ft) above sea level. The low relief, gentle slopes, and mild winters make the area suitable for farming, and much of the forest has been cleared. Chernozem soils cover around 70% of the oblast, and podsol soils 26%; chernozem is among the best soils for agriculture, and podsol among the worst.

Kursk Oblast contributes to two major drainage areas: the Dnieper River and the Don River (78% and 22% respectively). There are 902   rivers and streams in the oblast, with a total length of approximately 8,000   km (5,000   mi) . Major rivers include the Seym and the Psyol . The inland waters of Kursk oblast consist of 145   artificial lakes and about 550   small ponds.

Kursk Oblast is one of Russia's major producers of iron ore . The area of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly has one of the richest iron-ore deposits in the world. Rare earths and base metals also occur in commercial quantities in several locations. Refractory loam , mineral sands , and chalk are quarried and processed in the region. The oblast's reserves of artesian-well water are proving useful for medical purposes.

The oblast's location at the center of the European part of Russia gives the region a medium continental climate : warm summers and relatively mild winters. In July the average daytime high temperature is +19.3   °C (66.7   °F) . In January the average high is −8.6   °C (16.5   °F) . The average number of frost-free days ranges from   150 in the north to   160 in the south. The growing season in Kursk Oblast varies, from 180   days in the north to 195   days in the southwest. The average annual precipitation for the oblast is 584   mm (23.0   in) , but it ranges from 634   mm (25.0   in) in the northwest to about 500   mm (20   in) or less in the southeastern corner. Rainfall peaks during June and July. The snow depth in Kursk Oblast differs considerably, from 300–400   mm (12–16   in) in the north of the oblast, to 150–250   mm (5.9–9.8   in) in the south. Annual sunshine is 1775   hours.

Kursk Oblast forms a part of the Eastern European forest-steppe. One-quarter of Kursk oblast was once heavily wooded. Hardwood timbers included oak , ash , and elm . Now forests cover only 10% of the oblast. Animals native to the area are numerous. Pike , bleak , and perch abound in local rivers. Otter and badger , as well as wild boar , red deer , and roe deer remain numerous in many parts of the area.

Population: 1,082,458   ( 2021 Census ) ; [9] 1,127,081   ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [18] 1,235,091   ( 2002 Census ) ; [19] 1,339,414   ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [20]

Vital statistics for 2022: [21] [22]

• Births: 8,019 (7.4 per 1,000)
• Deaths: 17,717 (16.4 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022): [23] 1.29 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021): [24] Total — 68.56 years (male   — 64.09, female   — 72.94)

• Russians – 95.9%
• Ukrainians – 0.6%
• Armenians – 0.6%
• Others – 2.7%
• 148,354 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. [25]

According to the 1897 census , there were 77.3% Russians and 22.3% Ukrainians in the Kursk Governorate . [26] The 1932 forced end to Ukrainization in southern Russia (Soviet Republic) led to a massive decline of reported Ukrainians in these regions in the 1937 Soviet Census compared to the 1926 First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union . [27]

The annual growth rate of the oblast's population is negative; death rate exceeds overall birth rates and immigration.

According to a 2012 survey [28] 68.7% of the population of Kursk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church . In addition, 24% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious ", 4% is atheist , and 3.3% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [28]

The largest universities of Kursk Oblast are Kursk State University , Kursk State Technical University , Kursk State Medical University and Kursk State Agricultural Academy, all of which are located in the city of Kursk. There are also 19   other higher education facilities in Kursk Oblast.

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kursk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). In 1991, CPSU lost power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament .

The Charter of Kursk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Kursk Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia .

The center-right pro-government United Russia Party and the left Communist Party of the Russian Federation are Kursk Oblast's major political parties. Traditionally, the Communist Party is the strongest in the Oblast's rural area.

The oblast's industrial production dropped rapidly during the 1990s, as an industrial crisis was stimulated by the nationwide economic crisis which followed the collapse of the Soviet Union . However, by the end of the decade output was increasing. Moreover, the manufacturing sector, despite a sagging economy in the late 20th century, continues to account for about 40% of the oblast's GDP . The engineering, electric-power, metal-working, chemicals, and food processing are the dominant industries.

Most of the main farming areas are used for natural pastures or cultivation, which involves mainly wheat , sugar beet , and fodder crops. The main categories of productive holdings are wheat farms, dairy farms, poultry farms, and beef cattle. Agricultural lands cover 23,000   km 2 (8,900   sq   mi) , or 77% of the oblast's territory.

The transportation industry of Kursk Oblast, with easy access to national and international markets, is the basis for the oblast's development. The most important modes of transport throughout the oblast are railway and road. Region roads serve towns and rural settlements through a 5,600   km (3,500   mi) road network. An airport in the oblast was opened to international flights in July 1997. [ citation needed ]

The oblast's railroads are one of the most important parts of the transportation system. They are part of the Moscow and South Eastern Railway systems. Two major rail links pass through the oblast: Moscow– Kharkiv and Kyiv – Voronezh . The total length of the railway network is 1,100   km (680   mi) . The operational length of the railways is 1,561.2   km (970.1   mi) , of which 500   km (310   mi) are access roads. The length of the electrified lines is 242   km (150   mi) . The density of the railroads in Kursk Oblast is one of the highest in Russia. The largest railway junctions are Kursk, Lgov , and Kastornoye . There are sixty-five railway stations in the oblast.

Kursk Oblast's most prominent natural attraction is the Central Black Earth Nature Reserve , which is well-suited for hiking and other outdoor activities. The Oblast's forests and other undeveloped areas are ideal for hunting, fishing, and camping. Traditional art and architecture are preserved in the town-museum of Rylsk and other historical towns of Kursk Oblast.

• List of Chairmen of the Kursk Oblast Duma

Related Research Articles

Belgorod Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.

Sudzha is a town and the administrative center of Sudzhansky District in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the Sudzha and Olyoshnya Rivers 105 kilometers (65 mi) southwest of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast. It has a population of 5,127 people. It is the natural gas exchange feeder where the Trans-Siberian pipeline meets the Brotherhood pipeline. The town is currently occupied by Ukrainian forces after the August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion.

Bolshesoldatsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 800 square kilometers (310 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Bolshoye Soldatskoye. Population: 10,599 (2021 Census) ; 12,678 (2010 Russian census) ; 14,636 ; 18,528 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Bolshoye Soldatskoye accounts for 21.1% of the district's total population.

Sudzhansky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. Its administrative center is the town of Sudzha. It has a population of 25,119.

1st Pereverzevka or Pervaya Pereverzevka is a rural locality in Vysoksky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 71 (2010 Russian census) ; 75 (2002 Census) ;

Zvyagintsevo is a rural locality in Vysoksky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 120 (2010 Russian census) ; 145 (2002 Census) ;

1st Gostomlya or Pervaya Gostomlya is a rural locality and the administrative center of Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 290 (2010 Russian census) ; 354 (2002 Census) ;

2nd Gostomlya or Vtoraya Gostomlya is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 137 (2010 Russian census) ; 193 (2002 Census) ;

1st Plesy or Pervye Plesy is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 59 (2010 Russian census) ; 109 (2002 Census) ;

2nd Plesy or Vtorye Plesy is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 7 (2010 Russian census) ; 20 (2002 Census) ;

Svidnoye is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 121 (2010 Russian census) ; 180 (2002 Census) ;

Samsonovo is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 16 (2010 Russian census) ; 35 (2002 Census) ;

Alexandrovka is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 25 (2010 Russian census) ; 38 (2002 Census) ;

Bely Kolodez is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 31 (2010 Russian census) ; 49 (2002 Census) ;

Ivanovka is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 13 (2010 Russian census) ; 44 (2002 Census) ;

Pesochnoye is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 2 (2010 Russian census) ; 10 (2002 Census) ;

Domra is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 3 (2010 Russian census) ; 12 (2002 Census) ;

Tarasovo is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 281 (2010 Russian census) ; 347 (2002 Census) ;

Glebovo is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 12 (2010 Russian census) ; 34 (2002 Census) ;

Blagodatnoye is a rural locality in Gostomlyansky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 56 (2010 Russian census) ; 55 (2002 Census) ;

• ↑ Президент Российской Федерации.   Указ   №849   от   13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу   13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.   20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.   Decree   # 849   of   May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District . Effective as of   May 13, 2000.).
• ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации.   №ОК 024-95   27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.   Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. ( Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.   # OK 024-95   December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.   Economic Regions , as amended by the Amendment   # 5/2001 OKER. ).
• 1 2 Charter, Article   12
• ↑ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved September 1, 2022 .
• ↑ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года" . Federal State Statistics Service . Retrieved January 23, 2019 .
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article   68.1 of the Constitution of Russia .
• 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [ 2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1 ] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• 1 2 Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X (in Polish). Warszawa. 1889. p.   94. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link )
• 1 2 "Сім цікавих фактів про Курськ і Курщину" (in Ukrainian) . Retrieved August 19, 2024 .
• ↑ "Сумський полк" (in Ukrainian) . Retrieved August 15, 2024 .
• ↑ "Міфи та факти про «першу столицю України»" (in Ukrainian). March 28, 2014 . Retrieved August 15, 2024 .
• ↑ "Який вигляд зараз має місто Суджа, яке контролюють українські військові? Ексклюзив hromadske" (in Ukrainian) . Retrieved August 14, 2024 .
• ↑ "Russia says it's battling a major cross-border assault by Ukraine" . NBC News . August 7, 2024.
• ↑ "Russia says forces repel Ukrainian armoured raid in Kursk region" . Reuters . August 7, 2024.
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [ All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers ] . Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly .
• ↑ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022" . ROSSTAT . Archived from the original on March 2, 2023 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 .
• ↑ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022" . ROSSTAT . Archived from the original on March 2, 2023 . Retrieved February 21, 2023 .
• ↑ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [ Total fertility rate ] . Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023 . Retrieved August 10, 2023 .
• ↑ "Демографический ежегодник России" [ The Demographic Yearbook of Russia ] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) . Retrieved June 1, 2022 .
• ↑ "ВПН-2010" . www.perepis-2010.ru . Archived from the original on December 25, 2018 . Retrieved April 5, 2018 .
• ↑ "Демоскоп Weekly. Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России" . Archived from the original on May 4, 2014.
• ↑ Unknown Eastern Ukraine , The Ukrainian Week (14 March 2012)
• 1 2 3 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" . Sreda, 2012.
• ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps . "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived .
• Курская областная Дума.   Закон   №67-ЗКО   от   2 октября 2001 г. «Устав Курской области», в ред. Закона №30-ЗКО от   28 апреля 2015 г.   «О внесении изменения в абзац второй части   3 статьи   23 Устава Курской области». Вступил в силу   со дня официального публикования. Опубликован: "Курская правда", №161, 5 октября 2001 г. (Kursk Oblast Duma.   Law   # 67-ZKO   of   October   2, 2001 Charter of Kursk Oblast , as amended by the Law   # 30-ZKO of   April   28, 2015 On Amending Paragraph Two of Part   3 of Article   23 of the Charter of Kursk Oblast . Effective as of   the official publication date.).
• Всероссийский центральный исполнительный комитет.   Постановление   от   13 июня 1934 г. «О разделении Центрально-Чернозёмной области». ( All-Russian Central Executive Committee .   Resolution   of   June   13, 1934 On Splitting Central Black Earth Oblast . ).
• Official website of Kursk Oblast
• Official website of Kursk Oblast Archived August 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
• Kursk Region History and General Information Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
• Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch ; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). "Kursk (government)"   . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol.   15 (11th   ed.). p.   953.